Caspase, p38 MAPK, and CK1α are essential for ACN-induced PS exposure. (A) Representative histogram of Annexin-V-FITC fluorescence of control cells. (B) Representative histogram of Annexin-V-FITC fluorescence of cells treated with 10 µM ACN. (C) Representative histogram of Annexin-V-FITC fluorescence of cells cotreated with 100 µM zVAD and 10 µM ACN. (D) Representative histogram of Annexin-V-FITC fluorescence of cells treated with 100 µM SB and 10 µM ACN. (E) Representative histogram of Annexin-V-FITC fluorescence of cells treated with 20 µM D4476 and 10 µM ACN. (F) Arithmetic means ± SEM (n = 9) of ACN-induced dose-dependent PS exposure. Cells were treated with the vehicle control or with ACN at 10 µM, in presence and absence of zVAD, SB, or D4476, for 24 h at 37 °C and PS exposure was detected by Annexin-V-FITC staining. ***(P < 0.001) indicates significant difference from control. ##(P < 0.01), and ###(P < 0.001) indicate significant difference from ACN-treated cells (ANOVA).