Fig. 1.

Body size of juvenile S. undulatus measured at three time points prior (JM-PRE and JF-PRE) and at one point after (JM-CAST, JM-TEST, JF-CON, and JF-TEST) experimental treatments. Growth rate is given by the slopes of the connecting lines in the two pre-experimental intervals and during the experiment itself (shaded region); error bars are omitted for clarity of presentation. Prior to treatments (square symbols), intact females grew faster than intact males to become ∼8% larger than males at the beginning of the experiment. During the experimental period, exogenous T significantly reduced growth rate to the same extent in females and in castrated males. See Results section “Juveniles” under the heading Growth and food consumption for statistical details.