Figure 2.

Effects of MIUH on learning and memory function in offspring rats.

(A) The Morris water maze test of learning and memory function was performed in the offspring rats. Four male rats were randomly selected from the offspring of each pregnant rat, 4 weeks after birth. The activity track of the offspring was clearly focused in the target quadrant in the SHAM group, while the activity track in the MIUH group lacked a clear purpose and was distributed over the entire area. (B) The place navigation test revealed that escape latency on day 5 was longer in the MIUH group than in the SHAM group. (C) In the place navigation test, the journey before reaching the platform was longer in the MIUH group than in the SHAM group on day 5. (D) In the spatial probe test, the number of times that the platform was crossed was lower in the MIUH group than in the SHAM group. (E) In the spatial probe test, the activity time in the target quadrant was shorter in the MIUH group than in the SHAM group. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD (n = 40; independent-sample t-test). All experiments were conducted in triplicate. **P < 0.01, vs. SHAM group. MIUH: Mild intrauterine hypoperfusion.