Table 2.
Multivariable Cox Regression Model. Univariable and Multivariable Cox Model Evaluating Association of Available Covariates With Overall Survival
| Characteristic | Univariable | Multivariable | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | P | |
| Time to proton initiation (continuous, wk) | 1.042 | 1.001-1.085 | 1.079 | 1.013-1.149 | .018 |
| Age (continuous, y) | 1.035 | 1.022-1.049 | 1.014 | 0.986-1.044 | .322 |
| Sex | |||||
| Male (reference) | – | – | – | – | – |
| Female | 0.871 | 0.439-1.730 | – | – | – |
| Race | |||||
| White (reference) | – | – | – | – | – |
| Black | 1.318 | 0.314-5.528 | – | – | – |
| Other | 0.542 | 0.165-1.778 | – | – | – |
| Insurance | |||||
| Private insurance (reference) | – | – | – | – | – |
| No Insurance | – | – | – | – | – |
| Medicaid | 0.899 | 0.343-2.361 | 0.558 | 0.157-1.991 | .369 |
| Medicare | 3.428 | 1.393-8.435 | 0.477 | 0.132-1.723 | .258 |
| Unknown | – | – | – | – | – |
| Income, $ | |||||
| < 38 000 (reference) | – | – | – | – | – |
| 38 000-47 999 | 0.698 | 0.242-2.014 | 1.556 | 0.425-5.691 | .504 |
| 48 000-62 999 | 0.487 | 0.177-1.342 | 0.483 | 0.148-1.572 | .227 |
| > 63 000 | 0.247 | 0.091-0.667 | 0.310 | 0.083-1.155 | .081 |
| Tumor histology | |||||
| Glial (reference) | – | – | – | – | – |
| Embryonal | 0.064 | 0.027-0.154 | 0.090 | 0.026-0.311 | < .001 |
| Ependymal | 0.095 | 0.032-0.285 | 0.146 | 0.038-0.554 | .005 |
| Germ cell | – | – | – | – | – |
| Meningeal | 0.39 | 0.088-1.727 | 0.151 | 0.025-0.895 | .037 |
| Other | 2.903 | 0.375-22.441 | 3.889 | 0.319-47.358 | .287 |
| Facility typea | |||||
| Academic center (reference) | – | – | – | – | – |
| Nonacademic center | 0.286 | 0.055-1.477 | 1.098 | 0.174-6.929 | .921 |
| Unknown | 0.121 | 0.028-0.512 | 2.030 | 0.215-19.195 | .537 |
| Charlson Comorbidity score | |||||
| 0 (ref) | – | – | – | – | – |
| 1 | 4.22 | 1.617-11.016 | 3.762 | 0.676-20.921 | .130 |
| 2+ | 2.929 | 0.882-9.729 | 5.102 | 1.299-20.043 | .020 |
| Resection extent | |||||
| GTR (reference) | – | – | – | – | – |
| STR | – | – | – | – | – |
| Other/Unknown | 0.974 | 0.234-4.060 | – | – | – |
Abbreviations: GTR, gross total resection; HR, hazard ratio; IQR, interquartile range; STR, subtotal resection; WHO, World Health Organization.
aFacility type available only for patients age 40 or older.