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. 2020 Dec 4;18(12):e06307. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6307
Group of substancesa Factor, parameter or model feature contributing to the uncertainty One sentence description of the cause of uncertainty affecting this factor, parameter or model feature (one row per cause of uncertainty) One sentence description of how this source of uncertainty might lead to incorrect answer, or why that might be possible
OTA Degradation It is unclear to what extent degradation in the carcass after slaughter and before sampling during PMI will happen. The carcasses are chilled which may slow down the degradation. Degradation of OTA may result in a non‐detectable concentration while the concentration would have been detectable if sampling was done immediately after slaughter This extent of degradation cannot be predicted based on the available information and therefore the impact of this factor on the effectiveness of a delayed PMI for 24 or 72 h cannot be assessed
The concentration at the moment of slaughter

If the concentration is high, the compound may still be detectable even if degradation occurs

If the concentration is close to the LOD of the analytical method, degradation may lead to a non‐detectable concentration

The concentration at the moment of slaughter is not known and is a source of uncertainty. Therefore, the impact of this factor on the effectiveness of a delayed PMI for 24 or 72 h cannot be assessed
Stilbenes Degradation

It is unclear to what extent degradation in the liver after slaughter and before sampling during PMI will happen. The carcasses are chilled which may slow down the degradation. Degradation of stilbenes may result in a non‐detectable concentration while a non‐compliant result would have been reported if sampling was done immediately after slaughter

Information was used from spiked frozen meat samples which showed a reduction by 14–22% after storage of at least 2 months. This information provides evidence of degradation although the evidence originates from a different matrix, different time interval and different applied temperature

A degradation can be expected and therefore the effectiveness of a delayed PMI of 24 or 72 h could be reduced if the concentration drops below the required level of sensitivity. However, the extent of degradation cannot be predicted based on the available information
The concentration at the moment of slaughter

If the concentration is high, the compound may be still detectable even if degradation occurs

If the concentration is close to the CCα/CCβ of the analytical method used, degradation may lead to a non‐detectable concentration

This concentration depends on the route of application, the dose applied and the time of administration. This information is unknown since it is an illegal application

The concentration at the moment of slaughter is not known and is a source of uncertainty. Therefore, the impact of this factor on the effectiveness of a delayed PMI for 24 or 72 h cannot be assessed
Thyrostats Degradation

It is unclear to what extent degradation in the thyroid gland after slaughter and before sampling during PMI will happen. The carcasses are chilled which may slow down the degradation. Degradation of thyrostats may result in a non‐detectable concentration while a non‐compliant result would have been reported if sampling was done immediately after slaughter

No information is available regarding the stability in thyroid gland. Thyrostats are not stable in urine and a stabilisation protocol is implemented

Given that the extent of degradation in the thyroid gland cannot be predicted based on the available information, the effectiveness of a delayed PMI of 24 or 72 h could be reduced if the concentration drops below the required level of sensitivity
The concentration at the moment of slaughter

If the concentration is high, the compound may be still detectable even if degradation occurs

If the concentration is close to the CCα/CCβ of the analytical method used, degradation may lead to a non‐detectable concentration

This concentration depends on the route of application, the dose applied and the time of administration. This information is unknown since it is an illegal application

The concentration at the moment of slaughter is not known and is a source of uncertainty. Therefore, the impact of this factor on the effectiveness of a delayed PMI for 24 or 72 h cannot be assessed
Synthetic gestagens Degradation

It is unclear to what extent degradation in the kidney fat after slaughter and before sampling during PMI will happen. The carcasses are chilled which may slow down the degradation

Enzymatic activity in fat tissue is considered lower compared to liver or muscle tissue

In kidney fat, no substantial degradation is expected. Therefore, a delayed PMI of 24 or 72 h is not expected to reduce the effectiveness to detect residues of synthetic gestagens application. However, in the absence of stability data on synthetic gestagens in kidney fat, there is uncertainty regarding this conclusion
Synthetic androgens Degradation

It is unclear to what extent degradation in the liver after slaughter and before sampling during PMI will happen. The carcasses are chilled which may slow down the degradation. Degradation of synthetic androgens may result in a non‐detectable concentration while a non‐compliant result would have been reported if sampling was done immediately after slaughter

Information was used from spiked frozen liver and meat samples which showed no reduction after storage at ‐20°C during 27 weeks. This information indicates that no degradation may occur although the evidence originates from a different time interval and different applied temperature

Given that the extent of degradation in the liver cannot be predicted based on the available information, the effectiveness of a delayed PMI of 24 or 72 h could be reduced if the concentration drops below the required level of sensitivity
The concentration at the moment of slaughter

If the concentration is high, the compound may be still detectable even if degradation occurs

If the concentration is close to the CCα/CCβ of the analytical method used, degradation may lead to a non‐detectable concentration

This concentration depends on the route of application, the dose applied and the time of administration. This information is unknown since it is an illegal application

The concentration at the moment of slaughter is not known and is a source of uncertainty. Therefore, the impact of this factor on the effectiveness of a delayed PMI for 24 or 72 h cannot be assessed
RAL Degradation

It is unclear to what extent degradation in the liver and bile after slaughter and before sampling during PMI will happen. The carcasses are chilled which may slow down the degradation. Degradation of RAL may result in a non‐detectable concentration while a non‐compliant result would have been reported if sampling was done immediately after slaughter

No information is available regarding the stability in liver and bile

Given that the extent of degradation in the liver and bile cannot be predicted based on the available information, the effectiveness of a delayed PMI of 24 or 72 h could be reduced if the concentration drops below the required level of sensitivity
The concentration at the moment of slaughter

If the concentration is high, even if degradation occurs the compound may be still detectable

If the concentration is close to the CCα/CCβ of the analytical method used, degradation may lead to a non‐detectable concentration

This concentration depends on the route of application, the dose applied and the time of administration. This information is unknown since it is an illegal application

The concentration at the moment of slaughter is not known and is a source of uncertainty. Therefore, the impact of this factor on the effectiveness of a delayed PMI for 24 or 72 h cannot be assessed
β‐agonists Degradation

In retina, high residue concentrations can be found for a longer period

In liver samples, clenbuterol is stable at 4, ‐20 and ‐60°C for up to 20 weeks. However, information on the stability of other β‐agonists in liver samples was not identified

For the lung, no information regarding the stability was identified

For the retina, the stability has been demonstrated for several substances within the group of β‐agonists and is therefore not considered as a source of uncertainty

For the liver, information is available for clenbuterol only. However, it is uncertain whether the same conclusion can be drawn for the other β‐agonists. Consequently, the extent of degradation cannot be predicted based on the available information and therefore the impact of this factor on the effectiveness of a delayed PMI for 24 or 72 h cannot be assessed for β‐agonists other than clenbuterol

For the lung, the extent of degradation cannot be predicted based on the available information and therefore the impact of this factor on the effectiveness of a delayed PMI for 24 or 72 h cannot be assessed

The concentration at the moment of slaughter

If the concentration is high, the compound may be still detectable even if degradation occurs

If the concentration is close to the CCα/CCβ of the analytical method used, degradation may lead to a non‐detectable concentration

This concentration depends on the route of application, the dose applied and the time of administration. This information is unknown since it is an illegal application

The concentration at the moment of slaughter is not known and is a source of uncertainty. Therefore, the impact of this factor on the effectiveness of a delayed PMI for 24 or 72 h cannot be assessed
Chloramphenicol Degradation

It is unclear to what extent degradation in the muscle after slaughter and before sampling during PMI will happen. The carcasses are chilled which may slow down the degradation. Degradation of chloramphenicol may result in a non‐detectable concentration while a non‐compliant result would have been reported if sampling was done immediately after slaughter

Information was used from liver and kidney. This information indicates that a degradation may occur although the evidence originates from a different matrix, temperature and duration

A degradation can be expected and therefore the effectiveness of a delayed PMI of 24 or 72 h could be reduced if the concentration drops below the required level of sensitivity. However, the extent of degradation cannot be predicted based on the available information.
The concentration at the moment of slaughter

If the concentration is high, the compound may be still detectable even if degradation occurs

If the concentration is close to the CCα/CCβ of the analytical method used, degradation may lead to a non‐detectable concentration

This concentration depends on the route of application, the dose applied and the time of administration. This information is unknown since it is an illegal application

The concentration at the moment of slaughter is not known and is a source of uncertainty. Therefore, the impact of this factor on the effectiveness of a delayed PMI for 24 or 72 h cannot be assessed
Nitroimidazoles Degradation

It is unclear to what extent degradation in the retina and muscle after slaughter and before sampling during PMI will happen. The carcasses are chilled which may slow down the degradation. Degradation of nitroimidazole residues may result in a non‐detectable concentration while a non‐compliant result would have been reported if sampling was done immediately after slaughter

No relevant information was identified regarding the stability in retina samples from ungulates

For muscle, information was used from muscle samples from poultry which showed a reduction up to 12% when stored for 7 days at 4°C. This information provides evidence of degradation although the evidence originates from poultry and not from ungulates. In addition, depletion studies show that nitroimidazoles are rapidly metabolised. However, EFSA had no access to the full study reports

A degradation can be expected when muscle is used and therefore the effectiveness of a delayed PMI of 24 or 72 h could be reduced if the concentration drops below the required level of sensitivity. However, the extent of degradation cannot be predicted based on the available information

For the retina, the extent of degradation cannot be predicted based on the available information and therefore the impact of this factor on the effectiveness of a delayed PMI for 24 or 72 h cannot be assessed

The concentration at the moment of slaughter

If the concentration is high, the compound may be still detectable even if degradation occurs

If the concentration is close to the CCα/CCβ of the analytical method used, degradation may lead to a non‐detectable concentration

This concentration depends on the route of application, the dose applied and the time of administration. This information is unknown since it is an illegal application

The concentration at the moment of slaughter is not known and is a source of uncertainty. Therefore, the impact of this factor on the effectiveness of a delayed PMI for 24 or 72 h cannot be assessed
Phenylbutazone Degradation

It is unclear to what extent degradation in the muscle, liver and kidney after slaughter and before sampling during PMI will happen. The carcasses are chilled which may slow down the degradation. Degradation of phenylbutazone may result in a non‐detectable concentration while a non‐compliant result would have been reported if sampling was done immediately after slaughter

There is evidence of rapid phenylbutazone degradation in muscle tissue homogenates. However, this degradation may be due to the activation of enzymes during the homogenisation. No information regarding the stability in kidney and liver was identified

The extent of degradation in muscle, liver and kidney cannot be predicted based on the available information and therefore the impact of this factor on the effectiveness of a delayed PMI for 24 or 72 h cannot be assessed.
The concentration at the moment of slaughter

If the concentration is high, the compound may be still detectable even if degradation occurs

If the concentration is close to the CCα/CCβ of the analytical method used, degradation may lead to a non‐detectable concentration

This concentration depends on the route of application, the dose applied and the time of administration. This information is unknown since it is an illegal application

The concentration at the moment of slaughter is not known and is a source of uncertainty. Therefore, the impact of this factor on the effectiveness of a delayed PMI for 24 or 72 h cannot be assessed

CCα: decision limit; CCβ: detection capability; OTA: ochratoxin A; PMI: post‐mortem inspection; RAL: resorcylic acid lactones.

a

No uncertainties were identified for persistent organic pollutants, metals, natural steroids and nitrofurans