Table 2.
Prevalence ratios, confidence intervals, and p-values for comparisons of respondents’ self-reported handwashing and surface disinfecting, by demographic characteristics–Spring ConsumerStyles 2020
| Characteristic | Comparisona | Washing hands often | Disinfecting surfaces often | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % vs. %a | PR (95% CI) | p | % vs. %a | 95% CI | p | ||
| Gender | Female vs. Male | 94.5 vs. 92.1 | 1.03 (1.01, 1.04) | .004 | 78.7 vs. 69.1 | 1.14 (1.10, 1.18) | .001 |
| Age | 30–44 vs. 18–29 | 90.1 vs. 91.4 | 0.98 (0.95, 1.01) | .392 | 73.4 vs. 69.6 | 1.05 (0.98, 1.13) | .132 |
| 45–59 vs. 18–29 | 94.7 vs. 91.4 | 1.04 (1.01, 1.07) | .022 | 77.2 vs. 69.6 | 1.09 (1.00, 1.19) | .048 | |
| ≥ 60 vs. 18–29 | 96.4 vs. 91.4 | 1.05 (1.02, 1.09) | .001 | 74.9 vs. 69.6 | 1.08 (1.01, 1.15) | .026 | |
| 45–59 vs. 30–44 | 94.7 vs. 90.1 | 1.05 (1.03, 1.08) | .001 | 77.2 vs. 73.4 | 1.05 (1.01, 1.10) | .023 | |
| ≥ 60 vs. 30–44 | 96.4 vs. 90.1 | 1.07 (1.05, 1.10) | .001 | 74.9 vs. 73.4 | 1.05 (0.99, 1.12) | .121 | |
| ≥ 60 vs. 45–59 | 96.4 vs. 94.7 | 1.02 (1.00, 1.03) | .037 | 74.9 vs. 77.2 | 0.97 (0.933, 1.01) | .125 | |
| Income | $25k–$49k vs. < $25k | 92.9 vs. 86.4 | 1.08 (1.03, 1.12) | .001 | 75.2 vs. 68.1 | 1.10 (1.02, 1.19) | .010 |
| $50k–$99k vs. < $25k | 93.6 vs. 86.4 | 1.08 (1.04, 1.13) | .001 | 73.9 vs. 68.1 | 1.12 (1.01, 1.23) | .026 | |
| ≥ $100k vs. < $25k | 95.9 vs. 86.4 | 1.11 (1.07, 1.16) | .001 | 75.8 vs. 68.1 | 1.11 (1.04, 1.19) | .002 | |
| $50k–$99k vs. $25k–$49k | 93.6 vs. 92.9 | 1.01 (0.98, 1.03) | .520 | 73.9 vs. 75.2 | 0.98 (0.93, 1.04) | .508 | |
| ≥ $100k vs. $25k–$49k | 95.9 vs. 92.9 | 1.03 (1.00, 1.06) | .005 | 75.8 vs. 75.2 | 1.00 (0.93, 1.07) | .984 | |
| ≥ $100k vs. $50k–$99k | 95.9 vs. 93.6 | 1.02 (1.01, 1.04) | .010 | 75.8 vs. 73.9 | 1.03 (0.98, 1.07) | .242 | |
| Education | High school vs. < High school | 91.7 vs. 84.7 | 1.08 (1.02, 1.15) | .006 | 73.1 vs. 71.4 | 1.02 (0.94, 1.12) | .595 |
| Some college vs. < High school | 95.0 vs. 84.7 | 1.12 (1.06, 1.19) | .001 | 76.6 vs. 71.4 | 1.11 (0.99, 1.24) | .074 | |
| ≥ Bachelor’s degree vs. < High school | 96.0 vs. 84.7 | 1.13 (1.07, 1.20) | .001 | 73.5 vs. 71.4 | 1.03 (0.95, 1.12) | .494 | |
| Some college vs. High school | 95.0 vs. 91.7 | 1.04 (1.01, 1.06) | .002 | 76.6 vs. 73.1 | 1.05 (1.00, 1.10) | .054 | |
| ≥ Bachelor’s degree vs. High school | 96.0 vs. 91.7 | 1.04 (1.02, 1.07) | .001 | 73.5 vs. 73.1 | 1.02 (0.96, 1.09) | .535 | |
| ≥ Bachelor’s degree vs. Some college | 96.0 vs. 95.0 | 1.01 (0.99, 1.03) | .210 | 73.5 vs. 76.6 | 0.96 (0.92, 1.00) | .043 | |
| Race/Ethnicity | Non-Hispanic Black vs. Non-Hispanic White | 91.2 vs. 94.0 | 0.97 (0.94, 1.00) | .080 | 79.6 vs. 72.8 | 1.09 (1.04, 1.15) | .001 |
| Hispanic vs. Non-Hispanic White | 92.0 vs. 94.0 | 0.98 (0.95, 1.01) | .141 | 77.9 vs. 72.8 | 1.07 (1.02, 1.13) | .011 | |
| Multiracial/Other vs. Non-Hispanic White | 94.5 vs. 94.0 | 1.01 (0.97, 1.04) | .752 | 68.1 vs. 72.8 | 0.94 (0.86, 1.02) | .120 | |
| Hispanic vs. Non-Hispanic Black | 92.0 vs. 91.2 | 1.01 (0.97, 1.05) | .679 | 77.9 vs. 79.6 | 0.98 (0.91, 1.05) | .531 | |
| Multiracial/Other vs. Non-Hispanic Black | 94.5 vs. 91.2 | 1.04 (0.99, 1.08) | .117 | 68.1 vs. 79.6 | 0.85 (0.78, 0.94) | .001 | |
| Multiracial/Other vs. Hispanic | 94.5 vs. 92.0 | 1.03 (0.99, 1.07) | .198 | 68.1 vs. 77.9 | 0.88 (0.80, 0.96) | .005 | |
| Self-rated health | Fair vs. Poor | 90.0 vs. 75.2 | 1.20 (1.05, 1.36) | .007 | 68.0 vs. 63.4 | 1.07 (0.90, 1.27) | .418 |
| Good vs. Poor | 94.1 vs. 75.2 | 1.25 (1.10. 1.42) | .001 | 74.0 vs. 63.4 | 1.17 (0.99, 1.37) | .061 | |
| Very good vs. Poor | 95.4 vs. 75.2 | 1.27 (1.12, 1.44) | .001 | 76.6 vs. 63.4 | 1.21 (1.03, 1.42) | .022 | |
| Excellent vs. Poor | 92.4 vs. 75.2 | 1.22 (1.08, 1.40) | .002 | 75.3 vs. 63.4 | 1.19 (1.00, 1.41) | .046 | |
| Good vs. Fair | 94.1 vs. 90.0 | 1.05 (1.01, 1.08) | .011 | 74.0 vs. 68.0 | 1.09 (1.02, 1.16) | .016 | |
| Very good vs. Fair | 95.4 vs. 90.0 | 1.06 (1.02, 1.10) | .001 | 76.6 vs. 68.0 | 1.13 (1.05, 1.20) | .001 | |
| Excellent vs. Fair | 92.4 vs. 90.0 | 1.03 (0.98, 1.07) | .236 | 75.3 vs. 68.0 | 1.11 (1.02, 1.20) | .018 | |
| Very good vs. Good | 95.4 vs. 94.1 | 1.01 (1.00, 1.03) | .134 | 76.6 vs. 74.0 | 1.04 (1.00, 1.08) | .084 | |
| Excellent vs. Good | 92.4 vs. 94.1 | 0.98 (0.95, 1.01) | .273 | 75.3 vs. 74.0 | 1.02 (0.96, 1.09) | .590 | |
| Excellent vs. Very good | 92.4 vs. 95.4 | 0.97 (0.94, 1.00) | .051 | 75.3 vs. 76.6 | 0.98 (0.92, 1.05) | .596 | |
| Region | Northeast vs. Midwest | 95.4 vs. 93.8 | 1.02 (1.00, 1.04) | .128 | 76.8 vs. 74.7 | 1.03 (0.98, 1.08) | .301 |
| West vs. Midwest | 92.5 vs. 93.8 | 0.99 (0.96, 1.01) | .265 | 70.9 vs. 74.7 | 0.95 (0.90, 1.00) | .058 | |
| West vs. South | 92.5 vs. 92.8 | 1.00 (0.97, 1.02) | .788 | 70.9 vs. 74.4 | 0.95 (0.91, 1.00) | .065 | |
| Midwest vs. South | 93.8 vs. 92.8 | 1.01 (1.00, 1.03) | .350 | 74.7 vs. 74.4 | 1.00 (0.96, 1.05) | .843 | |
| Northeast vs. South | 95.4 vs. 92.8 | 1.03 (1.01, 1.05) | .013 | 76.8 vs. 74.4 | 1.03 (0.98, 1.09) | .196 | |
| Northeast vs. West | 95.4 vs. 92.5 | 1.03 (1.01, 1.06) | .012 | 76.8 vs. 70.9 | 1.08 (1.02, 1.15) | .005 | |
| Metropolitan status | Metro vs. Non-metro | 93.7 vs. 91.3 | 1.03 (1.00, 1.06) | .082 | 74.6 vs. 70.2 | 1.06 (1.00, 1.13) | .037 |
PR: Prevalence ratio; CI: confidence interval
aThe second category or number listed is the reference level for the prevalence ratio
Italics indicates significant comparisons (p < .05)