Fig. 1.

Blocking of interleukin-25 (IL-25) in challenge infections with Echinostoma caproni reverts resistance to infection despite the development of a T-helper cell (Th2) response. A Worm recovery in IL-25 monoclonal antibody (mα-IL-25)-treated ICR mice and non-treated mice after a challenge infection with E. caproni. B Expression of cytokine mRNA in the intestinal tissue of mα-IL-25-treated ICR mice and non-treated mice after a challenge infection with E. caproni. The relative quantities (RQ) of cytokine genes are shown after normalization with β-actin and standardization of the relative amount against the day 0 sample. Vertical bars represent the standard deviation (SD). A Asterisk indicates significant difference from non-mα-IL-25-treated mice, B lowercase letters (a, b) above bars indicate either significant differences with respect to naïve mice controls (a) or significant differences between groups (b), both at p < 0.05