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. 2020;20(4):445–471.

Table 6.

GEE modelling showing relationships between changes in bone health and potential mediators.

β Estimate SE β 95% Confidence interval p-value
T4 Total area
Pre/posta -54.02 22.68 -98.47 to -9.57 *0.017
Sexb 116.94 43.42 31.84 to 202.04 *0.007
Puberty score -23.64 15.15 -53.34 to 6.06 0.119
Age 20.28 39.61 -57.36 to 97.91 0.609
Height 6.29 2.56 1.29 to 11.31 *0.014
Weight -1.23 2.26 -5.66 to 3.21 0.587
1 RM leg press -1.09 0.83 -2.72 to 0.53 0.188
Vertical jump 6.69 3.57 -0.29 to 13.69 0.060
Standing broad jump -4.14 3.87 -11.72 to 3.44 0.285
NDI 2.29 1.14 0.06 to 4.53 *0.044
T66 Mass
Pre/posta -0.02 0.08 -0.18 to 0.14 0.783
Sexb -0.40 0.17 -0.74 to -0.07 *0.019
Puberty score 0.00 0.06 -0.13 to 0.12 0.949
Age 0.58 0.17 0.25 to 0.91 *<0.001
Height -0.01 0.01 - 0.03 to 0.01 0.281
Weight 0.01 0.01 -0.01 to 0.03 0.357
1 RM leg press -0.01 0.004 -0.01 to 0.00 0.137
Vertical jump 0.01 0.01 -0.01 to 0.03 0.373
Standing broad jump -0.01 0.01 -0.03 to 0.01 0.302
NDI 0.01 0.01 0.00 to 0.02 *0.044
T66 Cortical area
Pre/posta -3.38 9.50 -21.99 to 15.24 0.722
Sexb -27.19 16.82 -60.17 to 5.78 0.106
Puberty score -2.48 7.70 -17.57 to 12.62 0.748
Age 34.23 15.72 3.41 to 65.04 *0.029
Height 0.60 1.16 -1.68 to 2.88 0.607
Weight 0.66 0.92 -1.14 to 2.46 0.473
1 RM leg press -0.21 0.36 -0.91 to 0.49 0.557
Vertical jump 2.01 0.99 0.06 to 3.95 *0.043
Standing broad jump -0.71 0.77 -2.24 to 0.81 0.359
NDI 0.53 0.59 -0.62 to 1.69 0.366
T4 Trabecular density Z score
Pre/Posta 0.72 0.81 -0.87 to 2.32 0.374
Puberty score -0.28 0.22 -0.70 to 0.14 0.190
Age -0.83 0.40 -1.61 to -0.04 *0.039
Weight 0.05 0.02 0.01 to 0.09 *0.016
1 RM leg press 0.03 0.02 -0.01 to 0.06 0.105
Vertical jump 0.07 0.06 -0.06 to 0.19 0.304
Standing broad jump 0.00 0.03 -0.06 to 0.06 0.997
NDI -0.04 0.02 -0.08 to 0.00 *0.049
T66 Cortical density Z score
Pre/posta -0.06 0.27 -0.58 to 0.47 0.835
Puberty score 0.02 0.14 -0.26 to 0.31 0.869
Age -0.06 0.26 -0.46 to 0.57 0.831
Weight -0.02 0.02 -0.06 to 0.02 0.335
1 RM leg press 0.02 0.01 0.001 to 0.03 *0.037
Vertical jump 0.03 0.04 -0.04 to 0.10 0.382
Standing broad jump 0.01 0.02 -0.03 to 0.06 0.635
NDI -0.02 0.01 -0.04 to 0.01 0.246
T66 Cortical area Z score
Pre/Posta -0.16 0.31 -0.77 to 0.45 0.613
Puberty score -0.08 0.26 -0.58 to 0.43 0.764
Age 0.16 0.52 -0.86 to 1.18 0.758
Weight 0.02 0.03 -0.04 to 0.08 0.597
1 RM leg press 0.01 0.01 -0.02 to 0.03 0.655
Vertical jump 0.07 0.04 -0.01 to 0.14 0.081
Standing broad jump -0.02 0.03 -0.07 to 0.03 0.467
NDI 0.01 0.02 -0.03 to 0.05 0.736
T66 SSI Z score
Pre/Posta 0.28 0.22 -1.04 to 0.35 0.203
Puberty score 0.04 0.17 0.30 to 0.38 0.824
Age -0.35 0.35 -1.04 to 0.35 0.327
Weight 0.02 0.02 -0.02 to 0.06 0.270
1 RM leg press 0.00 0.01 -0.02 to 0.02 0.804
Vertical jump 0.03 0.03 -0.03 to 0.09 0.290
Standing broad jump 0.00 0.02 -0.05 to 0.05 0.998
NDI 0.00 0.02 -0.03 to 0.03 0.909
a

Where pre-intervention is the comparison group and β=1;

b

Where male is the comparison group and β=1; SE=standard error.