Table 2.
Clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatments given for COVID-19, ICU requirement and survival data
| Characteristic | All patients | Control group | HD group | RT group | CKD group |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (N = 1210) | (N = 450) | (N = 390) | (N = 81) | (N = 289) | |
| Time between first symptom and diagnosis (days), median (Q1–Q3) | 3 (2–5) | 3 (2–5) | 3 (2–5) | 4 (3–7) | 3 (2–5) |
| Clinical presentation, n/N (%) | |||||
| Mild–moderate disease | 797/1205 (66.1) | 377/448 (84.2) | 225/387 (58.1) | 48/81 (59.3) | 147/289 (50.9) |
| Severe–critical disease | 408/1205 (33.9) | 71/448 (15.8) | 162/387 (41.9) | 33/81 (40.7) | 142/289 (49.1) |
| COVID-19 confirmed by RT-PCR, n/N (%) | 682/1210 (56.4) | 291/450 (64.7) | 175/390 (44.9) | 53/81 (65.4) | 163/289 (56.4) |
| Radiological confirmation n/N (%) | 1069/1210 (88.3) | 364/450 (80.9) | 363/390 (93.1) | 75/81 (92.6) | 267/289 (92.4) |
| Possible source of COVID-19, n/N (%) | |||||
| Family–home environment | 256/644 (39.8) | 105/282 (37.2) | 60/184 (32.6) | 18/33 (54.5) | 73/145 (50.3) |
| Workplace/nursing home etc. | 16/644 (2.5) | 9/282 (3.2) | 1/184 (0.5) | 1/33 (3.0) | 5/145 (3.4) |
| Social life | 196/644 (30.4) | 102/282 (36.2) | 34/184 (18.5) | 8/33 (24.2) | 52/145 (35.9) |
| Travel | 17/644 (2.6) | 10/282 (3.5) | 1/184 (0.5) | 2/33 (6.1) | 4/145 (2.8) |
| Healthcare centre | 159/644 (24.7) | 56/282 (19.9) | 88/184 (47.8) | 4/33 (12.1) | 11/145 (7.6) |
| Drug treatments, n/N (%) | |||||
| Hydroxychloroquine | 1173/1199 (97.8) | 444/448 (99.1) | 369/383 (96.3) | 81/81 (100) | 279/287 (97.2) |
| Oseltamivir | 776/1122 (69.2) | 306/426 (71.8) | 228/358 (63.7) | 49/80 (61.3) | 193/258 (74.8) |
| Macrolides | 950/1155 (82.3) | 379/434 (87.3) | 280/370 (75.7) | 53/80 (66.3) | 238/271 (87.8) |
| Lopinavir–ritonavir | 49/925 (5.3) | 7/336 (2.1) | 6/313 (1.9) | 10/71 (14.1) | 26/205 (12.7) |
| Favipiravir | 360/1013 (35.5) | 95/362 (26.2) | 105/331 (31.7) | 37/75 (49.3) | 123/245 (50.2) |
| Glucocorticoids | 92/925 (9.9) | 14/338 (4.1) | 12/316 (3.8) | 42/76 (55.3) | 24/195 (12.3) |
| Tocilizumab | 27/921 (2.9) | 8/338 (2.4) | 6/316 (1.9) | 9/74 (12.2) | 4/193 (2.1) |
| Convalescent plasma | 5/916 (0.5) | 1/334 (0.3) | 1/316 (0.3) | 3/75 (4) | 0/191 (0) |
| Canakinumab/anakinra | 6/918 (0.7) | 0/336 (0) | 2/316 (0.6) | 3/75 (4) | 1/191 (0.5) |
| Any side effects related to these drugs, n/N (%) | 49/1092 (4.5) | 11/417 (2.6) | 11/337 (3.3) | 8/75 (10.7) | 19/263 (7.2) |
| Laboratory tests during hospitalization, n/N (%) | |||||
| Leukopaenia (<4000/mm3) | 220/1190 (18.5) | 69/438 (15.8) | 80/383 (20.9) | 30/81 (37) | 41/288 (14.2) |
| Lymphopaenia (<1500/mm3) | 662/1186 (55.8) | 179/436 (41.1) | 233/382 (61) | 59/81 (72.8) | 191/287 (66.6) |
| Anaemia (<10 g/dL) | 406/1187 (34.2) | 47/439 (10.7) | 190/381 (49.9) | 25/81 (30.9) | 144/286 (50.3) |
| Thrombocytopaenia (<150 × 103/mm3) | 205/1189 (17.2) | 45/438 (10.3) | 85/383 (22.2) | 13/81 (16) | 62/287 (21.6) |
| LDH (>2× upper limit of normal) | 295/1145 (25.8) | 69/423 (16.3) | 90/361 (24.9) | 24/80 (30) | 112/281 (39.9) |
| AST (>2× upper limit of normal) | 198/1170 (16.9) | 57/432 (13.2) | 43/379 (11.3) | 10/73 (13.7) | 88/286 (30.8) |
| Highest value of CRP level during follow-up, n/N (%) (> x of upper normal value) | |||||
| Normal | 163/1143 (14.3) | 118/425 (27.8) | 26/357 (7.3) | 8/79 (10.1) | 11/282 (3.9) |
| 1–5 | 260/1143 (22.7) | 124/425 (29.2) | 73/357 (20.4) | 13/79 (16.5) | 50/282 (17.7) |
| 5–10 | 160/1143 (14) | 52/425 (12.2) | 49/357 (13.7) | 19/79 (24.1) | 40/282 (14.2) |
| 10–20 | 213/1143 (18.6) | 64/425 (15.1) | 79/357 (22.1) | 10/79 (12.7) | 60/282 (21.3) |
| >20 | 347/1143 (30.4) | 67/425 (15.8) | 130/357 (36.4) | 29/79 (36.7) | 121/282 (42.9) |
| Length of stay at hospital, day, median (Q1–Q3) | 9 (6–14) | 8 (6–12) | 9 (6–14) | 9 (6–13) | 10 (7–15) |
| ICU admission, n/N (%) | 266/1210 (21.9) | 36/450 (8.0) | 99/390 (25.4) | 17/81 (21.0) | 114/289 (39.4) |
| Mechanical ventilation in ICU, n/N (%) | 198/251 (77.0) | 20/34 (58.8) | 73/94 (77.7) | 14/17 (82.4) | 91/112 (81.3) |
| Outcome | |||||
| Dead | 172/1210 (14.2) | 18/450 (4) | 63/390 (16.2) | 9/81 (11.1) | 82/289 (28.4) |
| Still in ICU | 32/1210 (2.6) | 5/450 (1.1) | 12/390 (3.1) | 2/81 (2.5) | 13/289 (4.5) |
| Discharged | 988/1210 (81.7) | 423/450 (94) | 308/390 (79) | 69/81 (85.2) | 188/289 (65.1) |
| Transfer to another centre | 18/1210 (1.5) | 4/450 (0.9) | 7/390 (1.8) | 1/81 (1.2) | 6/289 (2.1) |