Table 2.
Perioperative complications and oncological outcomes stratified by race
| Patient characteristics | Caucasian | Hispanic | Asian | African American | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 90-day complications, n (%) | |||||
| Low-grade | 534 (18.47) | 50 (26.32) | 49 (33.79) | 14 (20.90) | <0.001 |
| High-grade | 214 (7.40) | 28 (14.74) | 13 (8.97) | 6 (8.96) | |
| 90-day complication subgroups, n (%) | |||||
| Cardiac | 173 (5.98) | 9 (4.74) | 19 (13.10) | 3 (4.48) | 0.004 |
| Pulmonary | 67 (2.32) | 4 (2.11) | 3 (2.07) | 1 (1.49) | 0.97 |
| GI | 558 (19.30) | 45 (23.68) | 39 (26.90) | 17 (25.37) | 0.46 |
| GU | 354 (12.24) | 35 (18.42) | 13 (8.97) | 9 (13.43) | 0.46 |
| DVT | 143 (4.95) | 10 (5.26) | 8 (5.52) | 6 (8.96) | 0.52 |
| Infection | 508 (17.57) | 43 (22.63) | 31 (21.38) | 19 (28.36) | 0.31 |
| Neurologic | 96 (3.32) | 3 (1.58) | 4 (2.76) | 1 (1.49) | 0.48 |
| Bleeding | 143 (4.95) | 21 (11.05) | 13 (8.97) | 5 (7.46) | <0.001 |
| Surgical | 176 (6.09) | 13 (6.84) | 9 (6.21) | 6 (8.96) | 0.78 |
| Wound | 95 (3.29) | 9 (4.74) | 4 (2.76) | 5 (7.46) | 0.2 |
| Other | 182 (6.30) | 14 (7.37) | 17 (11.72) | 4 (5.97) | 0.08 |
| 90-day readmission, n (%) | 312 (10.97) | 36 (18.95) | 21 (14.85) | 12 (17.91) | 0.001 |
| Operative mortality | 45 (1.56) | 4 (2.11) | 2 (1.38) | 0 (0) | 0.55 |
| Recurrence, n (%) | |||||
| Local | 189 (6.54) | 11 (5.79) | 11 (7.59) | 2 (2.98) | – |
| Distant | 649 (22.45) | 39 (20.53) | 30 (20.69) | 18 (26.87) | |
| Overall survival (mean± SD) | |||||
| 3-year | 68±1% | 70±3% | 71±3% | 64±6% | 0.90 |
| 5-year | 60±1% | 56±4% | 55±5% | 57±6% | |
| 3-year RFS (mean ± SD) | 70±1% | 71±3% | 69±5% | 68±5% | 0.97 |
DVT: deep vein thrombosis; GI gastrointestinal; GU: genitourinary; RFS: recurrence-free survival; SD: standard deviation.