Table 1.

Growth of the Slave Population in the United States, 1619-1865

Period	Population at beginning	Population at end	10-year growth rate	Number of person-years lived	Millions of hours worked	Assumed birth rate	Number of births	Number imported	Additional number smuggled	Natural increase rate (per 100 pop.)	Combined births and imports	Percent of total	Cumulative number who lived	Cumulative percentage
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)	(8)	(9)	(10)	(11)	(12)	(13)	(14)
1610-1620	0	20	-	16	0	-	-	32	-	-	32	0.0%	32	0.0%
1620-1630	20	59	195.0%	361	1	22.4	8	150	-	−30.8	158	0.0%	190	0.0%
1630-1640	59	585	891.5%	2,293	5	22.4	51	110	-	18.1	161	0.0%	351	0.0%
1640-1650	585	1,568	168.0%	9,970	23	22.4	223	301	-	6.8	524	0.0%	875	0.0%
1650-1660	1,568	2,862	82.5%	21,505	49	22.4	481	1,335	-	−0.2	1,816	0.0%	2,691	0.0%
1660-1670	2,862	4,444	55.3%	35,952	82	22.4	804	3,038	-	−4.0	3,842	0.0%	6,533	0.1%
1670-1680	4,444	6,832	53.7%	55,527	127	26.5	1,472	3,582	-	−2.2	5,054	0.1%	11,587	0.1%
1680-1690	6,832	16,394	140.0%	109,243	251	27.3	2,986	4,947	-	4.2	7,933	0.1%	19,520	0.2%
1690-1700	16,394	27,806	69.6%	215,999	496	29.1	6,295	8,197	-	1.5	14,492	0.1%	34,012	0.3%
1700-1710	27,806	41,844	50.5%	343,482	788	31.0	10,635	16,442	-	−0.7	27,077	0.3%	61,089	0.6%
1710-1720	41,844	67,294	60.8%	535,651	1,229	34.6	18,524	17,622	-	1.5	36,146	0.4%	97,235	1.0%
1720-1730	67,294	95,669	42.2%	806,513	1,850	41.3	33,316	41,334	-	−1.6	74,650	0.8%	171,885	1.8%
1730-1740	95,669	156,040	63.1%	1,234,030	2,831	41.4	51,150	66,672	-	−0.5	117,822	1.2%	289,707	3.0%
1740-1750	156,040	247,027	58.3%	1,980,625	4,544	41.2	81,536	26,455	-	3.3	107,991	1.1%	397,698	4.1%
1750-1760	247,027	319,290	29.3%	2,816,150	6,461	46.4	130,654	44,718	-	1.0	175,372	1.8%	573,070	5.8%
1760-1770	319,290	459,446	43.9%	3,851,269	8,835	39.5	151,957	59,557	-	2.1	211,514	2.2%	784,584	8.0%
1770-1780	459,446	558,921	21.7%	5,075,599	11,644	39.1	198,660	41,129	-	1.3	239,789	2.4%	1,024,373	10.5%
1780-1790	558,921	706,514	26.4%	6,298,380	14,449	44.7	281,549	25,105	-	2.2	306,654	3.1%	1,331,027	13.6%
1790-1800	706,514	908,036	28.5%	8,030,652	18,423	50.3	403,648	16,183	-	2.6	419,831	4.3%	1,750,858	17.9%
1800-1810	908,036	1,195,182	31.6%	10,450,423	23,975	55.8	583,395	77,368	-	2.4	660,763	6.7%	2,411,621	24.6%
1810-1820	1,195,182	1,550,757	29.8%	13,652,609	31,321	55.7	759,768	5,207	-	2.7	764,975	7.8%	3,176,596	32.4%
1820-1830	1,550,757	2,021,968	30.4%	17,759,559	40,743	56.5	1,003,859	410	1,100	2.9	1,005,369	10.3%	4,181,965	42.7%
1830-1840	2,021,968	2,530,405	25.1%	22,666,906	52,001	56.5	1,280,680	91	900	2.4	1,281,671	13.1%	5,463,636	55.8%
1840-1850	2,530,405	3,204,420	26.6%	28,541,607	65,478	54.0	1,539,820	0	500	2.4	1,540,320	15.7%	7,003,956	71.5%
1850-1860	3,204,420	3,953,760	23.4%	35,659,777	81,808	52.3	1,865,898	303	200	2.2	1,866,401	19.0%	8,870,357	90.5%
1860-1861	3,953,760	3,991,133	-	3,972,417	9,113	49.6	197,032	110	-	-	197,142	2.0%	9,067,499	92.5%
1861-1862	3,991,133	3,903,859	-	3,947,335	9,056	49.6	195,788	0		-	195,788	2.0%	9,263,287	94.5%
1862-1863	3,903,859	3,815,760	-	3,859,642	8,855	49.6	191,438	0		-	191,438	2.0%	9,454,725	96.5%
1863-1864	3,815,760	3,726,828	-	3,771,119	8,651	49.6	187,048	0		-	187,048	1.9%	9,641,773	98.4%
1864-1865	3,726,828	3,630,336	-	3,144,251	7,213	49.6	155,955	0		-	155,955	1.6%	9,797,728	100.0%
Total				178,848,846	410,304		9,334,630	460,366	2,700		9,797,728		9,797,728

Sources: See text.