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The main cellular actions of metformin in different end-organs
Legend: AMP: Adenosine Monophosphate, ATP: Adenosine Triphosphate, AMPK: Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, cAMP: Cyclic adenosine monophosphate, PKA: Protein kinase A, GLP-1: Glucagon-like peptide-1, FFA: Free fatty acid, GLUT: Glucose transporter type.
