. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Sep 1.

Published in final edited form as: Nat Rev Genet. 2020 Jun 8;21(9):555–571. doi: 10.1038/s41576-020-0245-9

Table 1.

List of noncanonically imprinted genes in extraembryonic cells.

Gene	Molecular function	Mouse knock-out phenotype	Antisense imprinted lncRNA?	Germline DMR?	Somatic DMR?	DMR overlapped repeat element
Gab1	A docking protein involved in cell signaling	Embryonic lethality; placenta, heart, and skin defects^111,114	Yes, paternal	No	Yes, E6.5	ERVK:RLTR15
Sfmbt2	A Polycomb group protein	Embryonic lethality due to severe placenta defects¹¹⁰	Yes, paternal	No	Yes, E7.5	ERVK:RLTR11B
Slc38a4	An amino acid transporter	Placenta hypoplasia, reduced fetal weight, 20% survival rate¹⁰⁹	No	Yes	NA^*	ERVK:MLTR31F
Phf17	A co-factor involved in histone acetylation	NA	No	No	Yes, E6.5	ERVK:RLTR20C and RLTR31B
Smoc1	A matricellular protein involved in cell signaling	Perinatal lethality¹⁴⁴	Yes, paternal	No	Yes, E6.5	ERVK:RLTR11B
Platr20	A lncRNA with unknown function	NA	Yes, paternal	No	Yes, E6.5	ERVK:RLTR15
Gm32885	A lncRNA with unknown function	NA	No	No	Yes, E6.5	ERVK:RLTR31A

Slc38a4 germline DMR maintenance requires maternal H3K27me3 and zygotic DNMT3A/3B.

NA: Not applicable