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. 2020 Dec 4;20(2):101–124. doi: 10.1038/s41573-020-0090-8

Fig. 1. Biological barriers to precision medicine applications.

Fig. 1

Overview highlighting some of the biological barriers that nanoparticles (NPs) can overcome (inner ring) and precision medicine applications that may benefit from NPs (outer ring). As explored in this Review, intelligent NP designs that improve delivery have the potential to enhance the performance of precision medicines and, thus, accelerate their clinical translation. CAR, chimeric antigen receptor; EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; EPR, enhanced permeation and retention; gRNA, guide RNA; RNP, ribonucleoprotein.