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. 2020 Dec 5;3(4):545–556. doi: 10.1093/jamiaopen/ooaa047

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© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Medical Informatics Association.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 1. — Description of main steps involved in the semi-supervised approach for rapidly creating electronic health record phenotyping algorithms for biomarkers in the UK Biobank. The main steps involved in the semi-supervised phenotyping process are: (1) seeding the algorithm definitions using existing phenotype algorithms from the CALIBER resource, (2) excluding generic, rare or semantically distant terms, (3) map Read version 2 terms to Clinical Terms Version 3 terms using the maps provided by the National Health Service (NHS) terminology service (TRUD), (4) expert review and manual inclusion/exclusion of terms, and (5) translation to SQL code and data extraction.