Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study populations
| Total (14 594) | [hydroxy]chloroquine users (n = 346) | [hydroxy]chloroquine non-users (n = 14 248) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 65.3 (10.3) | 62.1 (7.1) | 65.3 (10.4) | <0.001 |
| Sex, women, n (%) | 8580 (58.8) | 209 (60.4) | 8371 (58.8) | 0.54 |
| BMI (kg/m2), median (IQR) | 26.3 (24.4–28.8) | 26.0 (24.0–28.3) | 26.3 (24.4–28.2) | 0.02 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 7194 (49.3) | 173 (50.0) | 7021 (49.3) | 0.79 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L), median (IQR) | 5.7 (5.0–6.4) | 5.6 (5.03–6.2) | 5.7 (5.0–6.4) | 0.08 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L), median (IQR) | 1.3 (1.1–1.6) | 1.3 (1.1 -1.6) | 1.3 (1.1 -1.6) | 0.94 |
| Lipid-lowering medication, n (%) | 5167 (35.4) | 94 (27.2) | 5073 (35.6) | 0.001 |
| Glucose (mmol/L), median (IQR) | 5.50 (5.1–6.0) | 5.5 (5.1–6.0) | 5.5 (5.1–6.0) | 0.55 |
| Type 2 diabetes, n (%) | 1411 (9.6) | 34 (9.8) | 1377 (9.7) | 0.46 |
| Myocardial infarction, n (%) | 473 (3.2) | 8 (2.3) | 465 (3.3) | 0.18 |
| Heart failure, n (%) | 267 (1.8) | 5 (1.4) | 262 (1.8) | 0.41 |
| Smoking status, ever, n (%) | 7685 (52.6) | 217 (62.7) | 7468 (52.4) | 0.15 |
| QTc-interval (ms), median (IQR) | 431.7 (418.9–423.3) | 430.2 (417.8–440.0) | 431.7 (418.9–443.3) | 0.07 |
| Follow-up (years), median (IQR) | 10.4 (6.3-15.4) | 13.1 (7.2-20.7) | 10.2 (6.3-15.3) | <0.001 |
CVD, cardiovascular disease; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; IQR, interquartile range; SD, standard deviation.