Table 4.
Univariate and Multivariate Cox Regression Analysis Evaluating the Association Between Interventions and a Composite Endpoint of Death or Severe ARDS (All Predictors Are Included as Time-Dependent Covariates)
| Intervention | HR (95% CI) | P Value | aHR (95% CI) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Medications During Hospital Course | ||||
| Doxycycline | 0.89 (0.61–1.30) | .56 | - | - |
| Macrolides | 0.42 (0.19–0.97) | .043 | 0.78 (0.33–1.81) | .56 |
| Proteases inhibitors (LPV/r or DRV/r) | 0.81 (0.55–1.18) | .28 | - | - |
| Remdesivir | 0.25 (0.03–1.80) | .17 | - | - |
| Hydroxychloroquine | 0.96 (0.64–1.45) | .85 | - | - |
| Steroids | 2.00 (1.26–3.17) | .003 | 2.55 (1.54–4.21) | <.001 |
| Low-molecular-weight heparin | 0.53 (0.35–0.79) | .002 | 0.61 (0.39–0.95) | .029 |
| Immunosuppressants | ||||
| Tocilizumab | 1.07 (0.39–2.91) | .89 | - | - |
| Baricitinib | 0.53 (0.25–1.18) | .12 | - | - |
| Other Interventions | ||||
| Noninvasive ventilationa | 1.74 (1.11–2.75) | .016 | 1.15 (0.69–1.94) | .059 |
| ECMO | NE | - | - | - |
Abbreviations: aHR, adjusted hazard ratio; ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; CI, confidence interval; DRV/r, darunavir/ritonavir; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; HR, hazard ratio; LPV/r, lopinavir/ritonavir; NE, not evaluable.
aNoninvasive ventilation (NIV) does not include patients who received NIV after weaning from invasive mechanical ventilation.