Table 1.
Characteristics of 172 Patients With SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 by Lung Function at 3-Months Follow-up After Hospital Discharge
| Pulmonary Ventilation Function | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | FEV1 % preda | P value | FVC% predb | P value | FEV1/FVC%c | P value |
| Median (IQR) | 104.70 (96.78–113.76) | 128.49 (119.20–139.49) | 81.39 (77.33–85.09) | |||
| Age, median (IQR), y | ||||||
| <10 | 59.86 (57.37–63.89) | 64.48 (60.11–71.39) | 90.83 (87.61–94.97) | |||
| 10–19 | 109.7 (109.3–114.1) | 123.90 (120.4–127.9) | 88.47 (86.21–91.34) | |||
| 20–29 | 101.64 (94.38–114.58) | .002 | 119.60 (113.9–126.4) | .003 | 84.11 (76.91–90.06) | <.001 |
| 30–49 | 106.32 (98.26–114.58) | 130.46 (121.78–140.36) | 82.24 (78.18–86.04) | |||
| ≥50 | 101.38 (95.02–153.82) | 128.99 (118.27–140.85) | 79.80 (76.18–83.73) | |||
| Gender, Median (IQR) | ||||||
| Female | 106.45 (97.2–114.67) | .26 | 128.49 (118.84–138.93) | .98 | 81.79 (78.28–86.31) | .34 |
| Male | 102.23 (96.33–111.77) | 128.32 (119.4–140.51) | 81.05 (76.88–85.88) | |||
| BMI, kg/m2, Median (IQR) | ||||||
| Underweight | 101.01 (70.46–106.34) | 116.50 (76.55–120.79) | 88.08 (87.3–93.5) | |||
| Normal | 106.51 (97.13–114.18) | .32 | 128.97 (122.1–139.78) | .01 | 81.45 (77.24–85.13) | .001 |
| Overweight | 102.55 (97.22–112.34) | 130.50 (119.7–143.1) | 79.99 (76.70–84.65) | |||
| Obesity | 99.84 (90.19–112.72) | 126.76 (108.82–135.28) | 83.94 (78.03–86.53) | |||
| Smoke, Median (IQR)d | ||||||
| No | 106.67 (97.57–117.45) | .04 | 128.99 (121.92–139.13) | .03 | 82.07 (78.56–85.98) | .05 |
| Yes | 89.90 (87.35–92.44) | 97.44 (91.74–103.15) | 92.97 (90.10–92.97) | |||
| Personal disease history, Median (IQR) | ||||||
| Hypertension | ||||||
| No | 103.62 (96.6–113.07) | .20 | 127.11 (119.17–138.48) | .03 | 81.79 (77.46–86.02) | .15 |
| Yes | 107.55 (101.33–114.89) | 137.56 (128.02–148.59) | 78.47 (76.17–83.68) | |||
| Cardiovascular disease | ||||||
| No | 104.32 (96.69–113.79) | .56 | 127.82 (118.68–139.26) | .10 | 81.88 (77.55–85.95) | .13 |
| Yes | 106.69 (97.07–113) | 132.40 (127.7–147.53) | 77.32 (74.50–84.86) | |||
| Liver disease | ||||||
| No | 104.73 (96.97–113.79) | .91 | 128.49 (119.26–139.49) | .56 | 81.30 (77.33–85.95) | .69 |
| Yes | 104.70 (94.38–111.29) | 127.80 (117.42–138.41) | 84.13 (77.58–85.89) | |||
| COPD | ||||||
| No | 104.76 (97.06–113.85) | .30 | 128.77 (119.22–139.46) | .60 | 81.61 (77.40–85.93) | .20 |
| Yes | 96.61 (88.22–110.23) | 122.31 (116.34–138.65) | 78.29 (64.91–82.59) | |||
| Initial symptoms, Median (IQR) | ||||||
| Fever | ||||||
| No | 106.66 (98.38–114.49) | .10 | 131.72 (121.61–144.20) | .04 | 81.58 (76.41–84.94) | .52 |
| Yes | 102.15 (96.48–112.08) | 126.60 (117.08–138.48) | 81.28 (77.46–86.17) | |||
| Cough | ||||||
| No | 102.23 (96.58–111.98) | .16 | 127.82 (119.15–127.97) | .62 | 80.99 (76.25–85.05) | .03 |
| Yes | 107.55 (97.31–114.82) | 128.99 (119.51–139.52) | 82.81 (78.78–85.97) | |||
| Headache | ||||||
| No | 104.02 (96.61–113.69) | .33 | 127.87 (118.84–138.99) | .03 | 81.77 (77.42–85.92) | .07 |
| Yes | 111.54 (107.34–113.74) | 141.40 (135.4–146.2) | 77.05 (70.19–79.03) | |||
| Diarrhea | ||||||
| No | 104.83 (97.00–113.76) | .28 | 128.67 (119.23–139.49) | .34 | 81.39 (77.33–85.89) | .77 |
| Yes | 96.15 (91.58–102.42) | 117.30 (108.10–130.30) | 79.70 (77.28–83.28) | |||
| Fratigue | ||||||
| No | 104.32 (96.69–113.79) | .28 | 127.88 (139.52–118.94) | .52 | 81.35 (77.33–85.95) | .73 |
| Yes | 106.81 (106.45–109.48) | 130.60 (128.40–135.20) | 81.77 (81.22–82.77) | |||
| Treatment, N (%) | ||||||
| Lopinavir/ritonavir | ||||||
| No | 108.44 (97.55–116.98) | .03 | 132.27 (121.49–140.14) | .12 | 82.53 (77.34–86.52) | .24 |
| Yes | 102.15 (96.48–111.10) | 126.42 (117.80–139.32) | 81.12 (77.39–85.48) | |||
| Favipiravir | ||||||
| No | 104.67 (96.69–113.79) | .70 | 128.58 (119.18–139.42) | .90 | 81.30 (77.33–85.90) | .54 |
| Yes | 106.18 (103.62–110.08) | 122.40 (121.03–148.10) | 84.68 (83.68–85.13) | |||
| Need ICU care | ||||||
| No | 105.48 (96.69–113.90) | .22 | 128.77 (119.25–139.52) | .21 | 81.35 (77.83–85.95) | .98 |
| Yes | 97.23 (97.06–98.46) | 116.90 (116.60–127.40) | 83.23 (79.92–83.70) | |||
| Invasive ventilatory support | ||||||
| No | 104.76 (96.61–113.85) | .74 | 128.58 (119.23–139.46) | .51 | 81.35 (77.32–85.93) | .72 |
| Yes | 98.32 (97.69–105.45) | 116.90 (116.80–128.90) | 83.23 (81.58–83.72) | |||
| Non–invasive ventilatory support | ||||||
| No | 105.48 (96.86–113.85) | .38 | 128.58 (119.23–139.46) | .43 | 81.35 (77.34–85.93) | .63 |
| Yes | 98.32 (92.17–106.98) | 127.3.8 (110.51–136.13) | 83.70 (78.62–85.05) |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FVC, forced vital capacity; IQR, interquartile-range; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
aFive missing values were excluded here only.
bFour missing values were excluded here only.
cThree missing values were excluded here only.
dEighty-eight missing values were excluded here.