Table 1.
Complications at American College of Surgeons-verified trauma centers
| Complications | Total | ACS Level I | ACS Level II | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Higher at Level 1 | ||||
| DVT | Total # | 980 | 260 | <0.0004 |
| Percentage | 1.12 | 0.73 | ||
| PNA | Total # | 2294 | 770 | <0.0002 |
| Percentage | 2.63 | 2.15 | ||
| DSSI | Total # | 140 | 19 | <0.0002 |
| Percentage | 0.16 | 0.05 | ||
| Severe sepsis | Total # | 332 | 94 | 0.002 |
| Percentage | 0.38 | 0.26 | ||
| SSSI | Total # | 180 | 49 | 0.01 |
| Percentage | 0.21 | 0.14 | ||
| OSSI | Total # | 203 | 61 | 0.03 |
| Percentage | 0.23 | 0.17 | ||
| DU | Total # | 505 | 135 | <0.0001 |
| Percentage | 0.58 | 0.38 | ||
| UTI | Total # | 1525 | 459 | <0.0008 |
| Percentage | 1.75 | 1.28 | ||
| ARDS | Total # | 981 | 166 | <0.0002 |
| Percentage | 1.12 | 0.46 | ||
| Unplanned intubation | Total # | 754 | 196 | <0.0001 |
| Percentage | 0.86 | 0.55 | ||
| Unplanned return to the OR | Total # | 279 | 87 | 0.03 |
| Percentage | 0.32 | 0.24 | ||
| Unplanned return to the ICU | Total # | 564 | 106 | <0.0005 |
| Percentage | 0.65 | 0.30 | ||
| Cardiac arrest with resuscitative efforts | Total # | 621 | 217 | 0.04 |
| Percentage | 0.71 | 0.61 | ||
| CRBSI | Total # | 116 | 14 | <0.0004 |
| Percentage | 0.13 | 0.04 | ||
| Osteomyelitis | Total # | 28 | 4 | 0.04 |
| Percentage | 0.03 | 0.01 | ||
| Higher at Level 2 | ||||
| AKI | Total # | 525 | 270 | 0.002 |
| Percentage | 0.60 | 0.75 | ||
| MI | Total # | 217 | 118 | 0.01 |
| Percentage | 0.25 | 0.33 | ||
DVT: Deep vein thrombosis, PNA: Pneumonia, DSSI: Deep surgical site infection, SSSI: Superficial surgical site infection, OSSI: Organ/space surgical site infection, DU: Decubitus ulcer, UTI: Urinary tract infection, ARDS: Acute respiratory distress syndrome, CA: Cardiac arrest, CRBSI: Catheter-related bloodstream infection, AKI: Acute kidney injury, MI: Myocardial infarction, ICU: Intensive care unit, ACS: American College of Surgeons, OR: Operation room