Table 3. Bivariate analysis of relationship and social support factors and suspected PPD among postpartum women.
| Variables | Total | Suspected PPD | P valued | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | n (%) | |||
| Family type | 0.789 | |||
| Nuclear family | 204 (47.7) | 68 (33.3) | ||
| Staying with my parents | 143 (33.4) | 43 (30.1) | ||
| Staying with parents-in-law | 81 (18.9) | 25 (30.9) | ||
| Partner’s educationa | 0.004 | |||
| High school or lower | 159 (37.5) | 64 (40.3) | ||
| Diploma/bachelor or higher | 265 (62.5) | 71 (26.8) | ||
| Partner’s occupationa | 0.042 | |||
| Unemployed | 6 (1.4) | 3 (50.0) | ||
| Government employee | 140 (33.0) | 38 (27.1) | ||
| Private company or NGO | 118 (27.8) | 31 (26.3) | ||
| Othersb | 160 (37.7) | 63 (39.4) | ||
| Relationship with partnera | <0.001 | |||
| Good | 356 (84.0) | 98 (27.5) | ||
| Not good | 68 (16.0) | 37 (54.4) | ||
| Relationship with mother | 0.032 | |||
| Good | 382 (89.3) | 115 (30.1) | ||
| Not good/passed away | 46 (10.7) | 21 (45.7) | ||
| Relationship with mother-in-lawa | 0.002 | |||
| Good | 330 (77.8) | 93 (28.2) | ||
| Not good/passed away | 94 (22.2) | 42 (44.7) | ||
| Family member who helps taking care of baby | 0.204 | |||
| Partner | 98 (22.9) | 26 (26.5) | ||
| Other members | 330 (77.1) | 110 (33.3) | ||
| Having someone to talk about childrearing besides family | 0.319 | |||
| Yes | 254 (59.3) | 76 (29.9) | ||
| No | 174 (40.7) | 60 (34.5) | ||
| Traditional hot/cold bed | 0.054 | |||
| Yes | 374 (87.4) | 125 (33.4) | ||
| No | 54 (12.6) | 11 (20.4) | ||
| Maternity leavec | 0.067 | |||
| Yes | 214 (71.8) | 56 (26.2) | ||
| No | 84 (28.2) | 31 (36.9) | ||
Abbreviations: PPD, postpartum depression; NGO, non-government organization.
a424 women (not including four women who were single or divorced) answered.
bOthers include businessman, merchant, labor worker, and military.
c298 women (other than housewives and women who were unemployed) answered.
dChi-square test was used.