Table 1.
Descriptive characteristics of renal cell carcinoma cases and controls age 50 and older in the US Kidney Cancer Study (USKC) and Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC)
| USKC | KPNCa | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | White | Black | White | Black | ||||||||||||
|
Cases n = 678 |
Controls n = 570 |
Cases n = 287 |
Controls n = 383 |
Cases n = 1923 |
Controls n = 19188 |
Cases n = 239 |
Controls n = 2296 |
|||||||||
| Sex | n | (%) | n | (%) | n | (%) | n | (%) | n | (%) | n | (%) | n | (%) | n | (%) |
| Male | 392 | (58) | 358 | (63) | 180 | (63) | 181 | (47) | 1252 | (65) | 12487 | (65) | 140 | (59) | 1327 | (58) |
| Female | 286 | (42) | 212 | (37) | 107 | (37) | 202 | (53) | 671 | (35) | 6701 | (35) | 99 | (41) | 969 | (42) |
| Age | ||||||||||||||||
| 50-54 | 113 | (17) | 96 | (17) | 69 | (24) | 71 | (19) | 185 | (10) | 1850 | (10) | 35 | (15) | 344 | (15) |
| 55-64 | 255 | (38) | 205 | (36) | 117 | (41) | 145 | (38) | 583 | (30) | 5830 | (30) | 79 | (33) | 764 | (33) |
| 65-74 | 221 | (33) | 196 | (34) | 82 | (29) | 133 | (35) | 625 | (33) | 6250 | (33) | 77 | (32) | 741 | (32) |
| >75 | 89 | (13) | 73 | (13) | 19 | (7) | 34 | (9) | 530 | (28) | 5258 | (27) | 48 | (20) | 447 | (20) |
| History of hypertension | ||||||||||||||||
| No | 268 | (40) | 319 | (56) | 66 | (23) | 160 | (42) | 896 | (47) | 11208 | (58) | 73 | (31) | 958 | (42) |
| Yes | 403 | (59) | 246 | (43) | 219 | (76) | 221 | (58) | 1027 | (53) | 7980 | (42) | 166 | (70) | 1338 | (58) |
| Missing | 7 | (1) | 5 | (1) | 2 | (1) | 2 | (1) | ||||||||
| History of CKD | ||||||||||||||||
| No | 671 | (99) | 566 | (99) | 258 | (90) | 376 | (98) | 1911 | (99) | 19073 | (99) | 215 | (90) | 2265 | (99) |
| Yes | 7 | (1) | 4 | (1) | 29 | (10) | 7 | (2) | 12 | (1) | 115 | (1) | 24 | (10) | 31 | (1) |
| History of diabetes | ||||||||||||||||
| No | 566 | (84) | 495 | (87) | 217 | (76) | 298 | (78) | 1597 | (83) | 16887 | (88) | 191 | (80) | 1778 | (77) |
| Yes | 112 | (17) | 74 | (13) | 70 | (24) | 85 | (22) | 326 | (17) | 2301 | (12) | 48 | (20) | 518 | (23) |
| Missing | 1 | |||||||||||||||
| Smoking status | ||||||||||||||||
| Never smoker | 240 | (35) | 222 | (39) | 92 | (32) | 122 | (32) | 1434 | (75) | 15024 | (78) | 165 | (69) | 1739 | (76) |
| Ever smoker | 489 | (25) | 4164 | (22) | 74 | (31) | 557 | (24) | ||||||||
| Occasional smoker | 26 | (4) | 17 | (3) | 19 | (7) | 25 | (7) | ||||||||
| Former smoker | 263 | (39) | 244 | (43) | 91 | (32) | 145 | (38) | ||||||||
| Current smoker | 149 | (22) | 87 | (15) | 85 | (30) | 91 | (24) | ||||||||
| Study center | ||||||||||||||||
| Detroit | 587 | (87) | 492 | (86) | 224 | (78) | 311 | (81) | ||||||||
| Chicago | 91 | (13) | 78 | (14) | 63 | (22) | 72 | (19) | ||||||||
| Years of education | ||||||||||||||||
| <12 years | 88 | (13) | 61 | (11) | 84 | (29) | 80 | (21) | ||||||||
| High school graduate | 252 | (37) | 176 | (31) | 82 | (29) | 128 | (33) | ||||||||
| Some college | 172 | (25) | 143 | (25) | 80 | (28) | 126 | (33) | ||||||||
| College graduate | 166 | (25) | 190 | (33) | 41 | (14) | 49 | (13) | ||||||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||||||||||||||||
| <25 | 122 | (18) | 157 | (28) | 53 | (19) | 94 | (25) | ||||||||
| 25-29.9 | 256 | (38) | 243 | (43) | 101 | (35) | 153 | (40) | ||||||||
| ≥30 | 293 | (43) | 169 | (29) | 128 | (45) | 133 | (35) | ||||||||
| Missing | 7 | (1) | 1 | (0) | 5 | (2) | 3 | (1) | ||||||||
| Family history of cancer | ||||||||||||||||
| None | 242 | (36) | 203 | (36) | 135 | (47) | 198 | (52) | ||||||||
| Other | 406 | (60) | 349 | (61) | 131 | (46) | 175 | (46) | ||||||||
| Kidney | 26 | (4) | 13 | (2) | 15 | (5) | 5 | (1) | ||||||||
| Missing | 4 | (1) | 5 | (1) | 6 | (2) | 5 | (1) | ||||||||
| Histologic subtype | ||||||||||||||||
| Clear cell | 491 | (72) | 158 | (55) | 1635 | (85) | 175 | (73) | ||||||||
| Papillary | 71 | (10) | 60 | (21) | 102 | (5) | 33 | (14) | ||||||||
| Chromophobe | 32 | (5) | 18 | (6) | 42 | (2) | 10 | (4) | ||||||||
| Other | 44 | (6) | 24 | (8) | 144 | (8) | 21 | (9) | ||||||||
| Missing | 40 | (6) | 27 | (9) | ||||||||||||
Abbreviations: USKC, US Kidney Cancer Study; KPNC, Kaiser Permanente Northern California; CKD, chronic kidney disease; BMI, body mass index.
a
Information on current or former smoking, education, BMI, and family history of cancer was not available for KPNC subjects.