Table 4.

The proportion of renal cell cancer incidence attributable to selected exposures by race and sex among adults age 50 years or older in the USKC study

Exposure	Sex and Race		PAR%a (95%CI)		Pvalueb	SEER RCC Incidence 2002-2006	Hypothetical RCC incidence in absence of exposurec (95%CI)
BMI 25-29.9kg/m2
	Female	White	7.9	(−3.4, 19.1)	0.54	24.8	22.9	(20.1, 25.7)
		Black	0.3	(−21.0, 21.6)		27.2	27.1	(21.3, 33.0)
	Male	White	11.2	(−3.6, 26.0)	0.78	49.7	44.2	(36.8, 51.5)
		Black	14.9	(−1.4, 31.2)		60.7	51.9	(41.9, 61.8)
BMI ≥30kg/m2
	Female	White	24.4	(11.9, 37.0)	0.90	24.8	18.8	(15.6, 21.9)
		Black	22.7	(−3.4, 48.8)		27.2	21.1	(13.9, 28.2)
	Male	White	21.1	(10.3, 31.8)	0.40	49.7	39.2	(33.9, 44.6)
		Black	12.8	(−3.7, 29.4)		60.7	52.9	(42.9, 62.9)
Former smoking
	Female	White	−10.0	(−24.8, 4.8)	0.63	24.8	27.3	(23.6, 31.0)
		Black	−3.4	(−27.8, 21.1)		27.2	28.2	(21.5, 34.8)
	Male	White	7.9	(−7.1, 23.0)	0.14	49.7	45.8	(38.3, 53.3)
		Black	1.2	(−19.0, 21.5)		60.7	60.0	(47.7, 72.3)
Current smoking
	Female	White	8.6	(−0.8, 17.9)	0.09	24.8	22.7	(20.4, 25.0)
		Black	−11.2	(−32.1, 9.8)		27.2	30.2	(24.6, 36.0)
	Male	White	7.8	(0.1, 15.5)	0.09	49.7	45.8	(42.0, 49.7)
		Black	20.4	(8.2, 32.5)		60.7	48.3	(41.0, 55.7)

Abbreviations: USKC, US Kidney Cancer Study; PAR, population attributable risk; CI, confidence interval; BMI, body mass index.

^aPARs adjusted for hypertension, chronic kidney disease, body mass index, smoking status, education, age, study center and family history of cancer.

^bP-value estimated from two sample t-test of difference by race.

^cRenal cancer incidence rate per 100,000 per year in the absence of exposure = [SEER incidence rate*(1-PAR%)] by race and sex.