Table 2.
Species identified from SPHS and SSP and the number of isolates carrying each antimicrobial resistance gene and their phenotypical resistance. The asterisk indicates significant differences between SPHS and SSP isolates. AMX: amoxicillin, CTX: cefotaxime, CHL: chloramphenicol, STR: streptomycin, ERY: erythromycin, KAN: kanamycin
| Antimicrobial resistance genes | Antimicrobial resistance | ||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Species | N | intTn | tet(W) | tet(O) | tet(M) | tet [31] | tet [32] | tet(B) | tet(L) | tet(S) | tet(Q) | tet [37] | tet(K) | erm(B) | AMX | CTX | CHL | STR | ERY | KAN | |
| SSP | Actinomyces sp. | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Bacteroides sp. | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 | |
| Gemella sp. * | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | |
| Granulicatella sp. | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Lachnoanaerobaculum sp. | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 | |
| Mogibacterium sp. | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
| Neisseria sp. | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | |
| Peptoniphilus sp. | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Peptostreptococcus sp. | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Prevotella sp. * | 48 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 18 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 27 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 28 | 36 | 2 | 15 | 24 | 42 | |
| Proteus sp. | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Pseudomonas sp. | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | |
| Rothia sp. | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | |
| Slackia sp. | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
| Staphylococcus sp. | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Streptococcus sp. | 276 | 248 | 0 | 18 | 116 | 0 | 31 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 128 | 20 | 56 | 29 | 48 | 188 | 271 | |
| Veillonella sp. | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 5 | 2 | |
| Not identified | 10 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 4 | |
| SPHS | Abiotrophia sp. | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 2 |
| Bacilus sp. | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
| Butyrivibrio sp. | 4 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 4 | |
| Eubacterium sp. | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 3 | |
| Gemella sp. * | 13 | 13 | 1 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 5 | 4 | |
| Granulicatella sp. | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
| Haemophilus sp. | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 1 | |
| Neisseria sp. | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | |
| Prevotella sp. * | 25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 16 | 15 | 4 | 13 | 18 | 22 | |
| Rothia sp. | 4 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | |
| Staphylococcus sp. | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 0 | |
| Streptococcus sp. | 340 | 305 | 44 | 42 | 250 | 0 | 12 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 218 | 39 | 12 | 68 | 59 | 227 | 283 | |
| Veillonella sp. | 12 | 11 | 5 | 1 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 4 | 12 | 6 | |
| Not identified | 27 | 24 | 3 | 0 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 7 | 0 | 3 | 7 | 27 | 20 | |