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. 2020 Dec 4;128(12):127003. doi: 10.1289/EHP7045

Figure 3.

Figure 3A is a set of six macroscopic images of the rat’s lungs. The first three images, namely, a, b, and c represent a female rat, and the other three images, namely, d, e, and f represent a male rat. Images a and d are exposed to filtered air, and Images b and e are exposed to Traffic-related air pollution. There is a section that is selected in the Image b and e is placed inside a rectangle. Images c and f are enlarged images of the rectangle in Images b and e, respectively. Figure 3B is a clustered bar graph plotting percentage of area of nodules or lung, ranging from 0 to 40 in increments of 10 (y-axis) across female and male (x-axis) for filtered air and Traffic-related air pollution.

Macroscopic view of black nodules in the lungs after chronic exposure. (A) Representative lung images of FA-exposed female rats (a), TRAP-exposed female rats (b), FA-exposed male rats (d), and TRAP-exposed male rats (e) were selected; (c) and (f) are enlarged images of the white rectangle in figure (b) and (e), respectively. White arrowheads show black nodules found on surface of lung tissues. (B) Statistical analysis was shown in the bar graph. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Sidak’s multiple comparisons test was used for statistical analysis. Mean±SEM; n=6 The exact mean and SEM values for data presented here can be found in Table S6. Note: FA, filtered air; SEM, standard error of the mean; TRAP, traffic-related air pollution. *p<0.05 **p<0.01.