Figure 1.

An illustration of the search process, as outlined by the “Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA).” Following database searches for “Plasmodium AND Diarr*,” “Plasmodium AND Diarrhoea OR Diarrhea,” or “Plasmodium AND Gastroenteritis” a total of 2,550 articles were identified. One relevant article was added which was not found by the search scheme (29). All abstracts were imported into Covidence software for subsequent double-blind review. Five hundred sixty-four duplicates were removed, leaving 1,986 for title and abstract screening. Articles were included if keywords were mentioned in the title or abstract; including “malaria,” “Plasmodium,” “diarrhoea,” “dysentery,” “gut,” and “intestine.” Articles were then grouped according to study type and primary presenting syndrome. *Of the 1,576 excluded articles, 50 were randomly re-reviewed for exclusion, with reasons reported in Supplementary Table 1. Four hundred ten full-text articles were screened and 344 were excluded, with reasons reported in Supplementary Table 2. In all, 66 articles qualified for data extraction. ^‡Case reports accounted for 22 articles. ^§Thirty-six articles reported diarrhoea secondary to the presentation of malaria parasite infection. ^||Eight articles reported malaria as a condition underlying the presentation of diarrhoea.