Table 4.

Prevalence of malaria in patients with underlying diarrhoea.

References	Origin	Patient(s)	Study location	Case control study?	Patient recruitment	Retrospective/ Prospective	Malaria parasite diagnosis		Definition of diarrhoea	Patients with diarrhoea, n	N (%) of diarrhoea patients with malaria parasitaemia	Comments
							Method	Species
Laurentz and Manoempil (63)	Indonesia	Children	Hospital	No	Passive	Prospective	Microscopy	P. falciparum	A condition of frequent watery stool	421	150 (35.6%)	Table 1
Lee et al. (66)	Ivory Coast	Children	Hospital	No	Passive	Prospective	Microscopy	P. falciparum	Diarrhoea for >3 days	264	63 (23.9%)	Table 2, both severe and non-severe illness
Sodeinde et al. (29)	Nigeria	Children (median 15 mo)	Hospital	Yes	Passive	Prospective	Microscopy	P. falciparum	None	522	68 (13%)	Table 2
Sodemann et al. (64)	Guinea-Bissau	Children (median 19 mo)	Community	Yes	Active	Prospective	Microscopy	P. falciparum	3 or more stools in 24 h, and only for <3 days	297	80 (26.9%)	Table 1
Ibadin et al. (67)	Nigeria	Children (mean 14 mo)	Hospital	No	Passive	Retrospective	Microscopy	P. falciparum	3 or more watery or liquid stools within 24 h	650	248 (38.2%)	Table 1
Reither et al. (68)	Ghana	Children (mean 0.8 y)	Hospital	Yes	Active	Prospective	Microscopy and PCR	P. falciparum	3 or more watery or loose stools within 24 h for <14 days	243	88 (36.2%)	Table 1
Deogratias et al. (69)	Tanzania	Children (median 1 y)	Hospital	No	Passive	Prospective	Microscopy	P. falciparum	3 or more abnormally loose or fluid stools in the past 24 h; with or without dehydration	300	30 (10%)	Table 1
Ashie et al. (65)	Ghana	Children (<5 y)	Hospital	Yes	Passive	Prospective	Microscopy	Not stated but likely to be predominantly P. falciparum	3 or more watery or loose stools within 24-h period prior to admission to the hospital	240	22 (9.2%)	Table 2
Sum of data taken from all studies in table										2,937	749 (26%)