Table 5.

Odds ratio of presenting with diarrhoea secondary to malaria, when compared to “controls” without malaria.

References	Origin	Patient(s)	Malaria-infected			“Controls”—Malaria negative				Odds Ratio (95% CI)
			Species	Number with Malaria, n	Diarrhoea positive, n (%)	Control recruitment	Fever?	Number of Malaria negative controls, n	Controls with diarrhoea, n (%)
Lepage et al. (32)	Rwanda	Children	P. falciparum	112	36 (32%)	Hospital	Yes, febrile	112	26 (23%)	1.57 (0.87, 2.82), p = 0.14
Govardhini et al. (62)	India	Unclear age, sex	P. falciparum	976	46 (4.7%)	Community	Both febrile and afebrile	4,143	160 (3.9%)	1.23 (0.88, 1.72), p = 0.22
Hozhabri et al. (38)	Pakistan	Children (median 24 mo)	P. falciparum	26	7 (26.9%)	Hospital	Yes, febrile	412	99 (24.0%)	1.16 (0.49, 2.79), p = 0.74
Dotrário et al. (51)	Brazil	Adults (median 37 y)	P. vivax, P. falciparum, P. malariae, mixed infections	136	22 (16.2%)	Hospital	Yes, febrile	157	52 (33.1%)	0.39 (0.22, 0.68), p = 0.001