Table 1.
Comparison of demographic and clinical features, MRI results, and outcomes between 24 pediatric patients with ADEM with and those without MOG-abs.
| MOG-IgG positive (n = 12) | MOG-IgG negative (n = 12) | P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at onset (months) | 69.5 (19–156) | 84 (19–156) | 0.664 | |
| Females | 6 (50%) | 5 (41.7%) | 0.682 | |
| Symptoms | ||||
| Altered consciousness | 12 (100%) | 12 (100%) | ||
| Emotional/behavioral changes | 2 (16.7%) | 2 (16.7%) | 1.000 | |
| Seizures | 2 (16.7%) | 3 (25%) | 0.615 | |
| Optic neuritis | 1 (8.3%) | 1 (8.3%) | 1.000 | |
| CN (III–XII) | 4 (33.3%) | 2 (16.7%) | 0.346 | |
| Ataxia | 6 (50%) | 1 (8.3%) | 0.025 | |
| Sensory symptoms | 3 (25%) | 0 (0%) | 0.064 | |
| Bladder/rectum dysfunction | 2 (16.7%) | 7 (58.3%) | 0.035 | |
| paralysis | 3 (25%) | 10 (83.3%) | 0.004 | |
| TM (symptom + MRI lesion) | 2 (16.7%) | 7 (58.3%) | 0.035 | |
| Prior infection | 7 (58.3%) | 7 (58.3%) | 1.000 | |
| ICU admission | 3 (25%) | 3 (25%) | 1.000 | |
| Period of hospital stay (days) | 16 (2.5–41.5) | 15 (3.5–33.5) | 0.772 | |
| Time from symptom onset to immunotherapy (days) | 16 (0–58) | 8 (2–35) | 0.194 | |
| Time from immunotherapy to improvement (days) | 7 (3–30) | 8 (4–30) | 0.794 | |
| Time from immunotherapy to clinical recovery (days) | ||||
| ≤2 weeks | 3 (25%) | 2 (16.7%) | 0.615 | |
| 2–4 weeks | 5 (41.7%) | 4 (33.3%) | 0.673 | |
| 4 weeks ≤3 months | 3 (25%) | 5 (41.7%) | 0.386 | |
| ≥3 months | 1 (8.3%) | 1 (8.3%) | 1.000 | |
| Time from symptom onset to brain MRI (days) | 18.5 (6–33) | 11.5 (5–19) | 0.064 | |
| Cerebrospinal fluid results | ||||
| Pleocytosis (WBC ≥ 5) | 10 (83.3%) | 9 (75%) | 0.615 | |
| Increased protein concentrations(≥45 mg/dl) | 6 (50%) | 4 (33.3%) | 0.408 | |
| Oligoclonal bands | 2/8 (25%) | 0/7 (0%) | 0.004 | |
| EEG results | ||||
| Slow background activity | 7 (58.3%) | 10 (83.3%) | 0.178 | |
| Interictal epileptic paroxysms | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | ||
| Normal | 5 (41.7%) | 2 (16.7%) | 0.178 | |
| MRI areas affected | ||||
| Supratentorial white matter | 11 (91.7%) | 10 (83.3%) | 0.500 | |
| Thalamus/basal ganglia | 11 (91.7%) | 10 (83.3%) | 0.500 | |
| Brainstem | 9 (75.0%) | 4 (33.3%) | 0.050 | |
| Cerebellar | 7 (58.3%) | 2 (16.7%) | 0.045 | |
| Spinal (LETM) | 7 (58.3%) | 7 (58.3%) | 0.660 | |
| Corpus callosum | 4 (33.3%) | 2 (16.7%) | 0.320 | |
| Typical brain MRI | 11 (91.7%) | 8 (66.7%) | 0.158 | |
| Brainstem/spinal lesions combined | 5 (41.7%) | 2 (16.7%) | 0.185 | |
| mRS before immunotherapy | 4 (2–5) | 5 (4–5) | 0.010 | |
| Outcomes (mRS) | 0 (0–4) | 0 (0–0) | ||
| mRS = 0 | 10 (83.3%) | 12 (100%) | 0.140 | |
| mRS = 1–2 | 1 (8.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.307 | |
| mRS = 3–5 | 1 (8.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.307 | |
| mRS = 6 | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| Recurrence | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| Follow-up (months) | 20 (12–42) | 30 (12–48) | 0.543 | |
MOG, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein; CN, cranial nerve; TM, transverse myelitis; ICU, intensive care unit; WBC, white blood cells; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; EEG, electroencephalogram; ADEM, acute disseminating encephalomyelitis; LETM, longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis; LETM, longitudinal extensive transverse myelitis.