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. 2020 Nov 17;11:598845. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.598845

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Copyright © 2020 Zavala, Voliotis, Zerenner, Tabak, Walker, Li, Terry, Lightman, O'Byrne and Tsaneva-Atanasova.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Pictorial representation of the model. (A) Physiological model of the stress and reproductive neuroendocrine axes controlling ultradian, circadian, and infradian hormone oscillations. Includes the KNDy neuronal network controlling the GnRH pulse generator. Adapted from Zavala et al. (2019). (B) Network model of the systems-level cross-regulation between glucocorticoid (CORT) rhythms, the hypothalamic GnRH pulse generator and the estrous cycle, subject to stress and circadian inputs. Includes a mean-field model of the KNDy network from Voliotis et al. (2019).