Figure 1.
The major pathways regulate ferroptosis. Three major pathways have been identified in ferroptosis, including the glutathione-GPX4, NADPH-FSP1-CoQ10, and GCH1-BH4 pathways. Chemical probes regulating these pathways and ferroptosis are shown at the bottom of this figure. Abbreviations: SLC7A11: solute carrier family 7 member 11; GCL: glutamate cysteine ligase; GSS: glutathione synthetase; GPX4: glutathione peroxidase 4; GR: glutathione reductase; ME: malic enzyme; PDK4: pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4; LPCAT3: lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 3; ACSL4: acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4; FSP1: ferroptosis suppressor protein 1; G6PD: glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase; PHGDH: phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase; ME1: malic enzyme 1; GCH1: GTP cyclohydrolase 1; PTS: 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase; SPR: sepiapterin reductase; DHFR: dihydrofolate reductase.