Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies on the prevalence of depression among prisoners.
| Author, publication year | Study design | Sample size | Measurement | Prevalence (%) (95% CI) | Response rate (%) | Sampling technique | Country |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lisa C. Barry et al., 2015 [24] | Cross-sectional | 167 (M = 110, F = 57) | PHQ-9 | 25 (19.2-31.8) | 92.70% | Simple RS | USA |
| Chen et al., 2017 [25] | Cross-sectional | 1705 (M = 1509, F = 646) | BDI | 81.5 (80.1-83.8) | 96.20% | Multistage | China |
| Osasona and Koleoso, 2015 [9] | Cross-sectional | 323 (M = 229, F = 23) | HADS | 72.60 (67.9-77.6) | 72.42% | Systematic RS | Nigeria |
| Yi et al., 2017 [26] | Longitudinal survey | 3,139 (M = 3139, F = 0) | CIDI | 11.60 (10.9-13.2) | 98% | Purposive ST | USA |
| Shrestha et al., 2017 [27] | Cross-sectional | 434 (M = 434, F = 0) | CESD | 35.3 (30.7-39.6) | 96.60% | Simple RS | Nepal |
| Yener Unver et al., 2013 [8] | Cross-sectional | 685 (M = 685, F = 0) | DASS-42 | 54.70 (51.3-58.7) | 100% | Convenience | Turkey |
| Beyen et al., 2017 [28] | Cross-sectional | 649 (M = 583, F = 66) | PHQ-9 | 43.80 (40.2-47.8) | 89.20% | Multistage | Ethiopia |
| Arnal R. et al., 2018 [29] | Comparative CS | 694 (M = 694, F = 0) | DSM-IV | 22.80 (20.0-26.3) | 99.80% | Stratified | France |
| Bedaso et al., 2018 [6] | Cross-sectional | 335 (M = 327, F = 8) | PHQ-9 | 56.40 (50.6-61.2) | 100% | Simple RS | Ethiopia |
| Baier A. et al., 2016 [30] | Prospective cohort | 79 (M = 51, F = 28) | MINI | 44 (33.5-55.1) | 99% | Simple RS | Chile |
| Danny J. O'Sullivan et al., 2018 [31] | Cross-sectional | 101 (M = 101, F = 0) | BDI-II | 37.60 (29.1-47.8) | 100% | Convenience | Ireland |
| Værøy, 2011 [7] | Cross-sectional | 26 (M = 26, F = 0) | MADRS | 46.10 (2.3-64.8) | 100% | Simple RS | Norway |
| Shuford et al., 2018 [32] | Longitudinal study | 179 (M = 0, F = 179) | CESD-10 | 83 (76.8-87.8) | 100% | Simple RS | USA |
| Murdoch N. et al., 2008 [33] | Population-based survey | 121 (M = 121, F = 0) | Geriatric Depression Scale | 49 (40.2-57.8) | 99% | All participants | UK |
| Fazel et al., 2001 [34] | Cross-sectional | 203 (M = 203, F = 0) | DSM IV | 29.60 (24.1-36.7) | 87.10% | Stratified | England |
| Hamzeloo et al., 2015 [35] | Cross-sectional | 147 (M = 147, F = 0) | BDI-II | 40.80 (33.3-49.1) | 100% | Stratified | Iran |
| Andreoli SB et al., 2014 [36] | Cross-sectional | 1809 (M = 1809, F = 0) | CIDI | 14.20 (12.5-15.7) | 100% | Stratified | Brazil |
| Milena P. Pond et al., 2011 [37] | Cross-sectional | 497 (M = 497, F = 0) | MINI(Portuguese version) | 18.80 (15.8-22.7) | 100% | Simple RS | Brazil |
| Mundt AP et al., 2013 [38] | Cross-sectional | 1008 (M = 855, F = 153) | CIDI | 6.90 (5.6-8.7) | 100% | Simple RS | Chile |
| Holliday et al., 2016 [39] | Cross-sectional | 320 (M = 320, F = 0) | PHQ-9 | 72.80 (67.9-77.6) | 100% | Convenience | USA |
| Zakir Abdu et al., 2018 [40] | Cross-sectional | 332 (M = 311, F = 21) | BDI-II | 41.90 (36.8-47.4) | 99% | Systematic RS | Ethiopia |
| Alemayehu et al., 2019 [5] | Cross-sectional | 402 (M = 394, F = 8) | PHQ-9 | 45.50 (41.2-50.9) | 95.20% | Simple RS | Ethiopia |
| Palmer, Connelly, 2005 [41] | Case control | 24 (M = 24, F = 0) | BDI-II | 87.50 (68.2-96.2) | 100% | Purposive | UK |
| Tao-Hsin Tung, 2018 [42] | Survey | 82,650 (M = 74,130, F = 8520) | ICD-9 | 11.31 (10.8-11.2) | 100% | Purposive | Taiwan |
| Edward BH et al., 2012 [42] | Cross-sectional | 396 (M = 347, F = 72) | CIDI | 14.30 (10.9-17.8) | 100% | Systematic RS | Australia |
| Santos MM et al., 2019 [43] | Cross-sectional | 1809 (M = 1192, F = 617) | CIDI | 21.30 (19.1-23.7) | 90% | Multistage | Brazil |
| Forry et al., 2019 [44] | Cross-sectional | 414 (M = 397, F = 17) | M.I.N.I-6.0 | 44 (39.2-48.9) | 95.60% | Simple RS | Uganda |
| Stephen Allnutt, 2008 [45] | Cross-sectional | 1322 (M = 1104, F = 218) | CIDI | 15 (13.2-17.0) | 100% | Simple RST | Australia |
| Abdulmalik et al., 2014 [46] | Cross-sectional | 394 (M = 389, F = 5) | GHQ-12 | 20.80 (17.3-25.3) | 100% | Multistage | Nigeria |
| Assadi et al., 2006 [51] | Cross-sectional | 351 (M = 351, F = 0) | DSM-IV | 29 (24.5-34.0) | 100% | Stratified RS | Iran |
| Getaneh et al., 2019 [47] | Cross-sectional | 400 (M = 378, F = 22) | PHQ-9 | 66.50 (62.1-71.4) | 94.80% | Simple RS | Ethiopia |
| Ayhan et al., 2017 [48] | Cross-sectional | 707 (M = 647, F = 60) | MINI | 14.30 (11.6-16.8) | 100% | Systematic RS | French |