Table 2.

Prevalence ratios (PR)^a of sleep quality^b according to weekly frequency of muscle-strengthening exercise (MSE) among German adults from the in the German Health Update 2014 survey (n = 23,602).

Sleep qualityb	MSE (times/week)	Model Ac Prevalence ratio (95% CI)	Model Bd Prevalence ratio (95% CI)	Model Ce Prevalence ratio (95% CI)
Fairf	0	1 (reference)	1 (reference)	1 (reference)
	1	1.00 (0.94–1.06)	0.99 (0.93–1.05)	0.99 (0.93–1.06)
	2	1.03 (0.97–1.10)	1.03 (0.96–1.09)	1.03 (0.97–1.04)
	3–4	0.97 (0.91–0.95)	0.97 (0.90–1.09)	0.97 (0.90–1.10)
	≥5	0.88 (0.80–0.95)	0.87 (0.80–0.95)	0.88 (0.80–0.96)
Poorf	0	1 (reference)	1 (reference)	1 (reference)
	1	0.83 (0.73–0.94)	0.82 (0.72–0.93)	0.83 (0.73–0.94)
	2	0.90 (0.79–1.02)	0.90 (0.79–1.02)	0.91 (0.80–1.03)
	3–4	0.82 (0.72–0.94)	0.82 (0.71–0.94)	0.82 (0.71–0.94)
	≥5	0.77 (0.65–0.90)	0.78 (0.65–0.92)	0.77 (0.65–0.91)
Very Poorf	0	1 (reference)	1 (reference)	1 (reference)
	1	0.60 (0.51–0.70)	0.57 (0.48–0.67)	0.57 (0.47–0.67)
	2	0.69 (0.59–0.80)	0.69 (0.59–0.81)	0.70 (0.59–0.81)
	3–4	0.60 (0.59–0.80)	0.59 (0.49–0.71)	0.58 (0.48–0.70)
	≥5	0.69 (0.57–0.83)	0.71 (0.58–0.85)	0.68 (0.55–0.83)

^aPrevalence ratio calculated using Poisson regression with a robust error variance.

^bSleep Quality assessed by response to a single item question: “Over the last 2 weeks, how often have you had trouble falling or staying asleep, or sleeping too much”. Response options were: (i) ‘Not at all’ (good); (ii) ‘On some days’ (fair); (iii) ‘More than half of the days’ (poor); and (iv) ‘Almost every day’ (very poor).

^cModel A: unadjusted PR.

^dModel B: adjusted PR: sex, age, socioeconomic status, hazardous alcohol consumption, self-rated health, body mass index, being restricted by chronic disease in the past 6 months and depressive symptom severity.

^eModel C: adjusted for Model B + aerobic MVPA.

^fReference category = good sleep quality.