Table 1.
Baseline, treatment and changes in the clinical and metabolic characteristics of participants in the placebo and pioglitazone groups
| PLB Week 0 |
PLB Week 16 |
p value Δ Week 0 vs 16 |
PIO Week 0 |
PIO Week 16 |
p value Δ Week 0 vs 16 |
Δ PLB vs PIO |
p value Δ PLB vs PIO |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BMI (kg/m2) | 32.0 ± 0.6 | 32.6 ± 0.7 | 0.03 | 32.1 ± 0.6 | 32.7 ± 0.7 | 0.05 | −0.1 ± 0.3 | 0.90 |
| Body weight (kg) | 86.8 ± 2.0 | 88.4 ± 2.3 | 0.04 | 86.1 ± 1.9 | 87.5 ± 2.2 | 0.05 | −0.1 ± 1.0 | 0.92 |
| Body fat (%) | 44.2 ± 0.8 | 44.8 ± 0.8 | 0.12 | 43.7 ± 0.7 | 44.1 ± 0.8 | 0.32 | −0.2 ± 0.5 | 0.66 |
| SAT (kg) | 7.9 ± 0.3 | 8.0 ± 0.3 | 0.54 | 7.8 ± 0.3 | 8.0 ± 0.3 | 0.15 | 0.1 ± 0.2 | 0.56 |
| VAT (kg) | 7.1 ± 0.9 | 7.6 ± 1.0 | 0.06 | 6.5 ± 0.9 | 6.6 ± 1.0 | 0.53 | −0.3 ± 0.3 | 0.36 |
| VAT:TAT (%) | 12.0 ± 0.8 | 12.5 ± 0.8 | 0.09 | 11.7 ± 0.8 | 10.8 ± 0.8 | 0.004 | −1.32 ± 0.3 | 0.002 |
| IHL (%) | 2.4 ± 1.1 | 1.7 ± 0.7 | 0.57 | 4.2 ± 1.0 | 2.2 ± 0.7 | 0.11 | −1.3 ± 1.7 | 0.47 |
| IMCL (%) | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 0.06 | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 0.03 | 0.1 ± 0.3 | 0.83 |
| EMCL (%) | 1.4 ± 0.3 | 3.0 ± 0.9 | 0.06 | 1.4 ± 0.3 | 3.1 ± 0.9 | 0.04 | 0.1 ± 1.2 | 0.96 |
| Matsuda index | 4.7 ± 0.5 | 4.3 ± 0.7 | 0.35 | 4.2 ± 0.5 | 5.0 ± 0.6 | 0.05 | 1.1 ± 0.5 | 0.04 |
| HOMA-IR | 2.2 ± 0.4 | 2.4 ± 1.0 | 0.84 | 2.7 ± 0.4 | 3.8 ± 1.0 | 0.22 | 0.9 ± 1.3 | 0.48 |
Values presented as mean ± SD
Abbreviations: PIO, pioglitazone group; PLB, placebo group; SAT, subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue