For all biomarkers, 266 HIV-negative participants (HIV-), 220 PWH with viral load<50 copies/mL (<50), 55 PWH with viral load ≥50 copies/mL (≥50), 146 PLWH with CD4+ T-cell count ≥500 cells/mm3 (≥500), and 129 PLWH with CD4+ T-cell count <500 cells/mm3 (<500). Pairwise comparisons were adjusted for age.***P<0.001. ***P<0.001.