Fig. 5.

Adrenaline increases glucose transport in the mouse primary renal tubular epithelial (RPTE) cells and reverses improved glucose tolerance and elevated glucosuria in hypothalamus-specific MC4R-deficient mice. (a) Schematic of the experiment setup and cell culture inserts. (b) [¹³C₆]Glucose levels after treatment with adrenaline or noradrenaline in the RPTE cells; n=5 (c) OGTT, (d) 24 h urine glucose concentration at baseline, (e) 24 h urine glucose concentration after administering 250 mg glucose by oral gavage in 18- to 24-week-old Mc4r^loxP/loxP+AAV-Cre mice whose plasma adrenaline levels are restored. Two-tailed unpaired Student’s t test or repeated measures two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s multiple comparison test were used for comparisons. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001 for adrenaline vs noradrenaline and HBSS groups in part (b) and for adrenaline group vs saline group in (c–e). Adr, adrenaline; Nor-Adr, noradrenaline; Sal, saline