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. 2019 May 22;2019:3264872. doi: 10.34133/2019/3264872

Table 2.

The mean squares (MS) and degrees of freedom (df) of treatments and residuals for genotype (G), heat (H), drought (D), and their interactionsa for 11 phenomic traitsb and 3 agronomic traitsc as measured on 12 Brassica genotypes from 1 to 7 days after treatments (DAT) during anthesis. The statistical significance of main effects and interactions is shown as 0.01 < p < 0.05 (∗) and p < 0.01 (∗∗). “ns” and “NA” indicate “not significant” and “not applicable,” respectively.

Trait DAT Source of variation Residuals
G H D G×H G×D H×D G×H×D
df =11 df =1 df =1 df =11 df =11 df =1 df =11 df MS
(i) Six in-cabinet rapid phenotyping traits
PRI 1 0.0040 ∗∗ 0.0006 ∗ ns ns ns ns ns 96 0.0001
3 0.0028 ∗ 0.0007 ∗ ns ns ns ns ns 96 0.0001
5 0.1000 ∗ ns ns 0.1093 ∗ ns ns ns 96 0.0049
7 ns ns 0.0005 ∗ ns ns ns ns 96 0.0001
Qy 1 0.0260 ∗∗ 0.0060 ∗ ns ns ns ns ns 96 0.0010
3 0.0419 ∗∗ ns ns ns ns ns ns 96 0.0007
5 0.0318 ∗∗ ns 0.0069 ∗∗ ns ns ns ns 96 0.0008
7 0.0409 ∗∗ 0.0156 ∗∗ 0.0330 ∗∗ ns ns 0.0336 ∗∗ ns 96 0.0014
T1 1 ns 71.700 ∗∗ ns ns ns ns ns 96 5.6368
3 118.452 ∗∗ 89.508 ∗∗ ns ns ns ns ns 96 3.3334
5 122.400 ∗ 67.800 ∗∗ 97.300 ∗∗ ns ns 86.500 ∗∗ ns 96 5.3684
7 123.480 ∗∗ ns 193.590 ∗∗ ns ns 61.460 ∗∗ ns 96 4.7786
T2 1 132.360 ∗ 462.590 ∗∗ ns ns ns ns ns 96 5.9198
3 179.160 ∗∗ 264.880 ∗∗ 96.86 ∗∗ ns ns 42.140 ∗∗ ns 96 5.1332
5 284.740 ∗∗ ns 599.43 ∗∗ ns ns 255.470 ∗∗ ns 96 8.1280
7 203.710 ∗∗ 31.920 ∗ 1187.95 ∗∗ ns ns 219.530 ∗∗ ns 96 6.3080
T3 1 207.403 ∗∗ 169.743 ∗∗ ns ns ns ns ns 96 6.7461
3 ns 33.046 ∗∗ 55.406 ∗∗ ns ns 29.348 ∗ ns 96 4.6506
5 101.137 ∗ ns 209.639 ∗∗ ns ns 51.073 ∗∗ 100.395 ∗ 96 4.9548
7 ns ns 418.200 ∗∗ ns ns 55.600 ∗∗ ns 96 5.2742
LC 1 447132 ∗∗ ns ns ns ns ns ns 96 7670.82
3 440562 ∗∗ ns 211692 ∗∗ ns ns 91991 ∗∗ ns 96 4992.83
5 263299 ∗∗ 28906 ∗ 539613 ∗∗ ns ns 63756 ∗∗ ns 96 5936.44
7 ns 18381 ∗ 651370 ∗∗ ns ns ns ns 96 3676.20
(ii) Three photosynthetic traits derived from A/Ci curve
Vcmax 1 38159 ∗∗ 201158 ∗∗ 2100 ∗∗ 35625 ∗∗ 17665 ∗∗ ns NA 12 293.98
3 ns 191108 ∗∗ ns ns ns ns NA 12 2407.81
7 ns 17042 ∗∗ 39130 ∗∗ ns ns 17887 ∗∗ NA 12 1018.22
ETR 1 16189 ∗∗ 2031 ∗∗ ns 4424 ∗∗ ns ns NA 12 114.25
3 8118 ∗∗ 2337 ∗∗ ns ns ns ns NA 12 285.85
7 ns 10776 ∗∗ 23629 ∗∗ ns ns 7068 ∗∗ NA 12 886.04
TPU 1 117.500 ∗∗ ns ns ns ns ns NA 12 1.9685
3 53.700 ∗∗ 16.300 ∗∗ ns ns ns ns NA 12 1.5817
7 153.900 ∗∗ ns 96.100 ∗∗ ns 125.300 ∗∗ ns NA 12 3.6774
(iii) Two plant growth imaging-derived phenotyping traits
VolWP 3 463877 ∗∗ ns 19157 ∗∗ ns 31012 ∗∗ ns ns 96 1245.17
7 261725 ∗∗ 30020 ∗∗ 267973 ∗∗ ns 126866 ∗∗ ns ns 96 1461.15
VolF 3 102.935 ∗∗ ns ns 20.590 ∗∗ ns 3.112 ∗ ns 96 0.5380
7 241.570 ∗∗ 18.740 ∗∗ 65.870 ∗∗ 34.950 ∗∗ 54.320 ∗∗ 5.680 ∗ ns 96 1.1831
(iv) Three agronomic traits
FW 7 101256 ∗∗ 116824 ∗∗ 1238679 ∗∗ 6001 ∗∗ 41512 ∗∗ 10410 ∗ 5545 ∗∗ 48 1883.69
SY At harvest 12.789 ∗∗ 14.719 ∗∗ 4.490 ∗ ns ns ns NA 12 0.9399
SW At harvest 0.0198 ∗∗ 0.0101 ∗ ns ns ns ns NA 12 0.0015

a G×H: Genotype by Heat interaction; G×D: Genotype by Drought interaction; H×D: Heat by Drought interaction; G×H×D: Genotype by Heat by Drought interaction.

b The phenomic traits include (i) six in-cabinet rapid phenotyping traits: photochemical reflectance index (PRI), photosystem II quantum yield (Qy), leaf conductance (LC), and the temperature differences between (a) bud and ambient environment (T1), (b) leaf and ambient environment (T2), and (c) bud and leaf (T3); (ii) three photosynthetic traits derived from A/Ci curves: maximum carboxylation rate allowed by Rubisco (Vcmax), photosynthetic electron transport rate (ETR) and the rate of triose phosphate use (TPU); and (iii) two plant growth imaging derived phenotyping traits: whole plant volume (VolWP) and flower volume (VolF).

c The agronomic traits include fresh weight (FW) of the whole plant at DAT7, and seed yield (SY) and 100-seed weight (SW) of each plant at maturity.