Table 4.
Demographic characteristics and attitudes toward COVID-19 (N = 1789).
| Characteristic | Type | Do you agree that COVID-19 will be successfully controlled in the world? | Do you have confidence that Pakistan can win the battle against the COVID-19 virus? | The government of Pakistan is taking effective measures to manage the COVID-19 health crisis. | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agree | Disagree | I’m not sure | Yes | No | I’m not sure | Agree | Disagree | I’m not sure | ||
| Gender | Female | 543 (57.2%) | 165 (17.4%) | 241 (25.4%) | 656 (69.1%) | 104 (10.9%) | 189 (19.9%) | 454 (47.8%) | 326 (34.4%) | 169 (17.8%) |
| Male | 499 (59.4%) | 151 (17.9%) | 190 (22.6%) | 628 (74.8%) | 95 (11.3%) | 117 (13.9%) *** | 457 (54.4%) | 276 (32.9%) | 107 (12.7%) *** | |
| Age (Years) | 18–25 | 510 (57.6%) | 147 (16.6%) | 229 (25.9%) | 625 (70.5%) | 103 (11.6%) | 158 (17.8%) | 430 (48.5%) | 292 (32.9%) | 164 (18.5%) |
| 26–30 | 296 (61.3%) | 99 (20.5%) | 88 (18.2%) | 365 (75.6%) | 51 (10.5%) | 67 (13.9%) | 256 (53.0%) | 162 (33.5%) | 65 (13.5%) | |
| 31–40 | 183 (53.8%) | 61 (17.9%) | 96 (28.2%) | 235 (69.1%) | 41 (12.1%) | 64 (18.8%) | 175 (51.5%) | 129 (37.9%) | 36 (10.6%) | |
| Above 40 | 53 (66.3%) | 9 (11.3%) | 18 (22.5%) *** | 59 (73.8%) | 4 (5.0%) | 17 (21.3%) | 50 (62.5%) | 19 (23.8%) | 11 (13.8%) *** | |
| Domicile | Punjab | 702 (56.5%) | 239 (19.2%) | 302 (24.3%) | 904 (72.7%) | 136 (10.9%) | 203 (16.3%) | 654 (52.6%) | 411 (33.1%) | 178 (14.3%) |
| Khyber Pakhtunkhwa | 125 (75.3%) | 15 (9.0%) | 26 (15.7%) | 131 (78.9%) | 12 (7.2%) | 23 (13.9%) | 89 (53.6%) | 55 (33.1%) | 22 (13.3%) | |
| Sindh | 66 (57.9%) | 19 (16.7%) | 29 (25.4%) | 74 (64.9%) | 21 (18.4%) | 19 (16.7%) | 50 (43.9%) | 45 (39.5%) | 19 (16.7%) | |
| Islamabad Capital Territory | 56 (54.9%) | 17 (16.7%) | 29 (28.4%) | 66 (64.7%) | 13 (12.8%) | 23 (22.6%) | 40 (39.2%) | 42 (41.2%) | 20 (19.6%) | |
| Gilgit Baltistan | 57 (56.4%) | 15 (14.9%) | 29 (28.7%) | 62 (61.4%) | 11 (10.9%) | 28 (27.7%) | 48 (47.5%) | 28 (27.7%) | 25 (24.8%) | |
| Azad Jammu and Kashmir | 20 (57.1%) | 6 (17.1%) | 9 (25.7%) | 28 (80.0%) | 3 (8.6%) | 4 (11.4%) | 20 (57.1%) | 6 (17.1%) | 9 (25.7%) | |
| Balochistan | 16 (57.1%) | 5 (17.9%) | 7 (25.0%) ** | 19 (67.9%) | 3 (10.7%) | 6 (21.4%) *** | 10 (35.7%) | 15 (53.6%) | 3 (10.75) *** | |
| Marital Status | Single | 740 (59.2%) | 213 (17.0%) | 297 (23.8%) | 906 (72.5%) | 130 (10.4%) | 214 (17.1%) | 616 (49.3%) | 414 (33.1%) | 220 (17.6%) |
| Married | 297 (56.1%) | 100 (18.9%) | 132 (24.9%) | 374 (70.8%) | 65 (12.3%) | 90 (17.0%) | 291 (55.0%) | 183 (34.6%) | 55 (10.4%) | |
| Divorced | 5 (50.0%) | 3 (30.0%) | 2 (20.0%) | 4 (40.0%) | 4 (40.0%) | 2 (20.0%) ** | 4 (40.0%) | 5 (50.0%) | 1 (10.0%) *** | |
| University Enrollment | Yes | 641 (59.7%) | 174 (16.2%) | 258 (24.0%) | 780 (72.7%) | 103 (9.6%) | 190 (17.7%) | 547 (50.9%) | 358 (33.4%) | 168 (15.7%) |
| No | 401 (56.0%) | 142 (19.8%) | 173 (24.2%) | 504 (70.4%) | 96 (13.41%) | 116 (16.2%) ** | 364 (50.8%) | 244 (34.1%) | 108 (15.1%) | |
| Education Level | BS Graduated or Enrolled | 546 (56.1%) | 181 (18.6%) | 247 (25.4%) | 694 (71.3%) | 115 (11.8%) | 165 (16.9%) | 481 (49.4%) | 314 (32.2%) | 179 (18.4%) |
| MS Graduated or Enrolled | 336 (59.9%) | 97 (17.3%) | 128 (22.8%) | 408 (72.7%) | 58 (10.3%) | 95 (16.9%) | 292 (52.1%) | 200 (35.7%) | 69 (12.3%) | |
| PhD Graduated or Enrolled | 160 (62.9%) | 38 (14.9%) | 56 (22.1%) | 182 (71.6%) | 26 (10.2%) | 46 (18.1%) | 138 (54.3%) | 88 (34.7%) | 28 (11.0%) | |
| University Location | Punjab | 559 (56.6%) | 201 (20.4%) | 227 (23.0%) | 723 (73.3%) | 109 (11.0%) | 155 (15.7%) | 518 (55.6%) | 327 (33.1%) | 142 (14.4%) |
| Islamabad Capital Territory | 319 (58.9%) | 76 (14.1%) | 146 (26.9%) | 377 (69.7%) | 56 (10.4%) | 108 (19.9%) | 261 (48.2%) | 184 (34.1%) | 96 (17.7%) | |
| Sindh | 58 (54.7%) | 18 (16.9%) | 30 (28.3%) | 69 (65.1%) | 20 (18.9%) | 17 (16.0%) | 47 (44.3%) | 41 (38.7%) | 18 (16.9%) | |
| Khyber Pakhtunkhwa | 75 (75.8%) | 11 (11.1%) | 13 (13.1%) | 77 (77.8%) | 8 (8.08%) | 14 (14.1%) | 55 (55.6%) | 32 (32.3%) | 12 (12.1%) | |
| Gilgit Baltistan | 21 (63.6%) | 4 (12.1%) | 8 (24.2%) | 25 (75.8%) | 3 (9.09%) | 5 (15.2%) | 18 (54.6%) | 10 (30.3%) | 5 (15.2%) | |
| Balochistan | 4 (33.3%) | 5 (41.7%) | 3 (25.0%) | 5 (41.7%) | 3 (25.0%) | 4 (33.3%) | 4 (33.3%) | 7 (58.3%) | 1 (8.3%) | |
| Azad Jammu and Kashmir | 6 (54.6%) | 1 (9.1%) | 4 (36.4%) *** | 8 (72.8%) | 0 (0.00%) | 3 (27.2%) ** | 8 (72.7%) | 1 (9.09%) | 2 (18.2%) *** | |
| Employment Status | Students Only | 456 (57.9%) | 137 (17.4%) | 194 (24.7%) | 563 (71.5%) | 84 (10.7%) | 140 (17.8%) | 399 (50.7%) | 253 (32.2%) | 135 (17.2%) |
| Public Employee | 208 (58.4%) | 58 (16.3%) | 90 (25.3%) | 258 (72.5%) | 34 (9.6%) | 64 (17.9%) | 191 (53.7%) | 122 (34.3%) | 43 (12.1%) | |
| Private Employee | 180 (57.9%) | 58 (18.7%) | 73 (23.5%) | 210 (67.5%) | 44 (14.2%) | 57 (18.3%) | 153 (49.2%) | 110 (35.4%) | 48 (15.4%) | |
| Unemployed | 146 (61.3%) | 43 (18.1%) | 49 (20.6%) | 177 (74.4%) | 25 (10.5%) | 36 (15.1%) | 120 (50.4%) | 84 (35.3%) | 34 (14.3%) | |
| Self-employed | 52 (53.6%) | 20 (20.6%) | 25 (25.8%) | 76 (78.4%) | 12 (12.4%) | 9 (9.3%) | 48 (50.7%) | 33 (34.0%) | 16 (16.5%) | |
| Personal Income | Below PKR 20000/month | 590 (59.1%) | 166 (16.6%) | 243 (24.3%) | 718 (71.9%) | 105 (10.5%) | 176 (17.6%) | 493 (49.4%) | 341 (34.1%) | 165 (16.5%) |
| PKR 20001-PKR 40000/month | 160 (57.1%) | 52 (18.6%) | 68 (24.3%) | 210 (75.0%) | 38 (13.6% | 32 (11.4%) | 160 (57.1%) | 75 (26.8%) | 45 (16.1%) | |
| PKR 40001-PKR 80000/month | 161 (54.8%) | 59 (20.1%) | 74 (25.1%) | 204 (69.4%) | 36 (12.2%) | 54 (18.4%) | 150 (51.0%) | 114 (38.8%) | 30 (10.2%) | |
| Above PKR 80000/month | 131 (60.7%) | 39 (18.1%) | 46 (21.3%) | 152 (70.4%) | 20 (9.3%) | 44 (20.4%) | 108 (50.0%) | 72 (33.3%) | 36 (16.7%) *** | |
| Knowledge Score | 9.90 (1.99) | 9.35 (2.34) | 9.01 (2.88) *** | 9.69 (2.19) | 9.45 (2.36) | 9.27 (2.78) ** | 9.72 (2.06) | 9.74 (2.23) | 8.84 (3.09) *** | |