Table 5.
Demographic characteristics and practices toward COVID-19 (N = 1789).
| Characteristic | Type | In recent weeks, have you gone to any social event like a wedding or funeral, or any other get-together? | In day-to-day life, do you wear a face mask when going outside? | In day-to-day life, do you practice proper hand hygiene by using hand sanitizers and frequently washing your hands? | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | Always | Never | Sometimes | Agree | Disagree | I’m not sure | ||
| Gender | Female | 163 (17.2%) | 786 (82.8%) | 730 (76.9%) | 34 (3.6%) | 185 (19.5%) | 744 (78.4%) | 19 (2.0%) | 186 (19.6%) |
| Male | 293 (34.9%) | 547 (65.1%) *** | 501 (59.6%) | 28 (3.3%) | 311 (37.0%) *** | 525 (62.5%) | 32 (3.8%) | 283 (33.7%) *** | |
| Age (Years) | 18–25 | 228 (25.7%) | 658 (74.3%) | 595 (67.2%) | 43 (4.9%) | 248 (27.9%) | 615 (69.4%) | 30 (3.4%) | 241 (27.2%) |
| 26–30 | 120 (24.8%) | 363 (75.2%) | 341 (70.6%) | 7 (1.45%) | 135 (27.9%) | 342 (70.8%) | 11 (2.3%) | 130 (26.9%) | |
| 31–40 | 89 (26.2%) | 251 (73.8%) | 230 (67.7%) | 9 (2.65%) | 101 (29.7%) | 250 (73.5%) | 9 (2.7%) | 81 (23.8%) | |
| Above 40 | 19 (23.8%) | 61 (76.3%) | 65 (81.3%) | 3 (3.7%) | 12 (15.0%) *** | 62 (77.5%) | 1 (1.3%) | 17 (21.2%) | |
| Domicile | Punjab | 298 (23.9%) | 945 (76.0%) | 889 (71.5%) | 43 (3.5%) | 311 (25.0%) | 900 (72.4%) | 29 (2.3%) | 314 (25.3%) |
| Khyber Pakhtunkhwa | 61 (36.8%) | 105 (63.2%) | 85 (51.2%) | 5 (3.01%) | 76 (45.8%) | 104 (62.7%) | 8 (4.8%) | 54 (32.4%) | |
| Sindh | 24 (21.1%) | 90 (78.9%) | 86 (71.5%) | 6 (5.3%) | 22 (19.3%) | 89 (78.1%) | 4 (3.5%) | 21 (18.4%) | |
| Islamabad Capital Territory | 28 (27.5%) | 74 (72.5%) | 67 (65.7%) | 4 (3.9%) | 31 (30.4%) | 70 (68.6%) | 3 (2.9%) | 29 (28.5%) | |
| Gilgit Baltistan | 28 (27.7%) | 73 (72.3%) | 67 (66.3%) | 3 (2.9%) | 31 (30.4%) | 66 (65.4%) | 4 (3.9%) | 31 (30.7%) | |
| Azad Jammu and Kashmir | 8 (22.9%) | 27 (77.1%) | 27 (77.1%) | 0 (0%) | 8 (22.9%) | 29 (82.9%) | 1 (2.9%) | 5 (14.3%) | |
| Balochistan | 9 (32.1%) | 19 (67.9%) ** | 10 (35.7%) | 1 (3.5%) | 17 (60.7%) *** | 11 (39.3%) | 2 (7.1%) | 15 (30.7%) *** | |
| Marital Status | Single | 314 (25.1%) | 936 (74.9%) | 846 (67.7%) | 49 (3.9%) | 355 (28.4%) | 872 (69.8%) | 37 (2.9%) | 341 (27.3%) |
| Married | 139 (26.3%) | 390 (73.7%) | 377 (71.3%) | 12 (2.3%) | 140 (26.5%) | 389 (73.5%) | 13 (2.5%) | 127 (24.0%) | |
| Divorced | 3 (30.0%) | 7 (70.0%) | 8 (80.0%) | 1 (10.0%) | 1 (10.0%) | 8 (80.0%) | 1 (10.0%) | 1 (10.0%) | |
| University Enrollment | Yes | 268 (24.9%) | 805 (75.1%) | 721 (67.2%) | 48 (4.5%) | 304 (28.3%) | 745 (69.4%) | 38 (3.5%) | 290 (27.1%) |
| No | 188 (26.3%) | 528 (73.7%) | 510 (71.2%) | 14 (1.9%) | 192 (26.8%) ** | 524 (73.2%) | 13 (1.8%) | 179 (25.0%) ** | |
| Education Level | BS Graduated or Enrolled | 253 (25.9%) | 721 (74.0%) | 667 (68.5%) | 41 (4.2%) | 266 (27.3%) | 680 (69.8%) | 26 (2.7%) | 268 (27.5%) |
| MS Graduated or Enrolled | 141 (25.1%) | 420 (74.9%) | 384 (68.5%) | 9 (1.6%) | 168 (29.9%) | 406 (72.4%) | 14 (2.5%) | 141 (25.1%) | |
| PhD Graduated or Enrolled | 62 (24.4%) | 192 (75.6%) | 180 (70.9%) | 12 (4.7%) | 62 (24.4%) ** | 183 (72.1%) | 11 (4.3%) | 60 (23.6%) | |
| University Location | Punjab | 240 (24.3%) | 747 (75.7%) | 719 (72.9%) | 29 (2.9%) | 239 (24.2%) | 712 (72.2%) | 22 (2.2%) | 253 (25.6%) |
| Islamabad Capital Territory | 128 (23.7%) | 413 (76.3%) | 356 (65.8%) | 24 (4.4%) | 161 (29.8%) | 389 (71.9%) | 17 (3.1%) | 135 (24.9%) | |
| Sindh | 28 (26.4%) | 78 (73.6%) | 81 (76.4%) | 5 (4.72%) | 20 (18.9%) | 80 (75.5%) | 3 (2.8%) | 23 (21.7%) | |
| Khyber Pakhtunkhwa | 41 (41.4%) | 58 (58.6%) | 44 (44.5%) | 2 (2.0%) | 53 (53.5%) | 56 (56.6%) | 6 (6.1%) | 37 (37.4%) | |
| Gilgit Baltistan | 10 (30.3%) | 23 (69.7%) | 21 (63.6%) | 1 (3.03%) | 11 (33.3%) | 18 (54.6%) | 1 (3.0%) | 14 (42.4%) | |
| Balochistan | 5 (41.7%) | 7 (58.3%) | 3 (25.0%) | 1 (8.3%) | 8 (66.7%) | 7 (58.3%) | 2 (16.7%) | 3 (25.0%) | |
| Azad Jammu and Kashmir | 4 (36.4%) | 7 (63.6%) *** | 7 (63.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 4 (36.4%) *** | 7 (63.6%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (36.4%) *** | |
| Employment Status | Students Only | 195 (24.8%) | 592 (75.2%) | 527 (66.9%) | 36 (4.6%) | 224 (28.5%) | 549 (69.8%) | 25 (3.2%) | 213 (27.1%) |
| Public Employee | 101 (28.4%) | 255 (71.6%) | 232 (65.2%) | 13 (3.7%) | 111 (31.2%) | 248 (69.7%) | 12 (3.4%) | 96 (26.9%) | |
| Private Employee | 77 (24.8%) | 234 (75.2%) | 231 (74.3%) | 3 (0.9%) | 77 (24.8%) | 231 (74.3%) | 8 (2.6%) | 72 (23.2%) | |
| Unemployed | 47 (19.8%) | 191 (80.2%) | 175 (73.5%) | 8 (3.4%) | 55 (23.1%) | 181 (76.1%) | 6 (2.5%) | 51 (21.4%) | |
| Self-employed | 36 (37.1%) | 61 (62.9%) ** | 66 (68.0%) | 2 (2.1%) | 29 (29.9%) ** | 60 (61.9%) | 0 (0%) | 37 (38.1%) ** | |
| Personal Income | Below PKR 20000/month | 224 (22.4%) | 775 (77.6%) | 689 (68.9%) | 39 (3.9%) | 271 (27.2%) | 720 (72.1%) | 29 (2.9%) | 250 (25.0%) |
| PKR 20001-PKR 40000/month | 84 (30.0%) | 196 (70.0%) | 187 (66.7%) | 8 (2.9%) | 85 (30.4%) | 187 (66.8%) | 6 (2.1%) | 87 (31.1%) | |
| PKR 40001-PKR 80000/month | 86 (29.3%) | 208 (70.8%) | 200 (68.0%) | 9 (3.1%) | 85 (28.9%) | 202 (68.7%) | 6 (2.0%) | 86 (29.3%) | |
| Above PKR 80000/month | 62 (28.7%) | 154 (71.3%) *** | 155 (71.8%) | 6 (2.8%) | 55 (25.4%) | 160 (74.1%) | 10 (4.6%) | 46 (21.3%) ** | |
| Knowledge Score | 9.59 (2.47) | 9.70 (2.26) ** | 9.82 (2.12) | 8.15 (3.16) | 9.19 (2.57) *** | 9.76 (2.11) | 7.37 (2.99) | 9.36 (2.64) *** | |