Table 3.
Multivariate association between total flavonoid intake and periodontitis incidence within subgroups
| Subgroup | Quintile 1 | Quintile 2 | Quintile 3 | Quintile 4 | Quintile 5 |
P for trend† |
P for interaction‡ |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BMI | ||||||||
| 18.5-29.9 | Cases/p-yrs§ | 291/53,652 | 283/57,333 | 280/60,410 | 329/61,101 | 293/61,028 | ||
| HR (95% CI) | 1.0 (ref) | 0.96 (0.81-1.14) | 0.92 (0.78-1.10) | 1.08 (0.91-1.28) | 0.93 (0.78-1.10) | 0.62 | ||
| 25-29.9 | Cases/p-yrs§ | 382/68,612 | 354/67,055 | 344/ 65,588 | 332/64,539 | 357/64,472 | ||
| HR (95% CI) | 1.0 | 0.99 (0.85-1.15) | 1.01 (0.86-1.17) | 1.00 (0.86-1.17) | 1.02 (0.88-1.19) | 0.71 | ||
| ≥30 | Cases/p-yrs§ | 107/17,981 | 110/16,578 | 91/15,088 | 86/15,573 | 89/15,595 | ||
| HR (95% CI) | 1.0 | 1.11 (0.84-1.47) | 1.02 (0.76-1.36) | 0.91 (0.67-1.24) | 0.94 (0.69-1.28) | 0.38 | 0.68 | |
| Age | ||||||||
| <65 | Cases/p-yrs§ | 524/99,482 | 450/88,615 | 421/83939 | 401/82,655 | 404/83,841 | ||
| HR (95% CI) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.02 (0.90-1.16) | 1.03 (0.90-1.17) | 1.00 (0.87-1.15) | 0.95 (0.82-1.09) | 0.25 | ||
| ≥65 | Cases/p-yrs§ | 259/41,252 | 300/52,929 | 297/57,757 | 347/58,976 | 335/57,745 | 0.13 | |
| HR (95% CI) | 1.0 | 0.96 (0.81-1.14) | 0.91 (0.76-1.08) | 1.04 (0.87-1.23) | 0.99 (0.83-1.17) | 0.35 | ||
| Smoking (baseline) | ||||||||
| Current | Cases/p-yrs§ | 187/17,531 | 105/10,386 | 83/8,348 | 81/7,394 | 83/8,374 | ||
| HR (95% CI) | 1.0 (ref) | 0.89 (0.70-1.15) | 0.86 (0.66-1.13) | 0.98 (0.74-1.29) | 0.83 (0.63-1.10) | 0.39 | ||
| Former | Cases/p-yrs§ | 325/53,595 | 315/53,883 | 302/53,472 | 295/51,416 | 301/53,615 | ||
| HR (95% CI) | 1.0 | 0.98 (0.83-1.15) | 0.96 (0.82-1.13) | 0.98 (0.83-1.15) | 0.91 (0.77-1.08) | 0.40 | ||
| Never | Cases/p-yrs§ | 271/69,609 | 330/77,274 | 333/79,876 | 372/82,820 | 355/79,596 | ||
| HR (95% CI) | 1.0 | 1.10 (0.93-1.30) | 1.09 (0.92-1.29) | 1.15 (0.98-1.36) | 1.13 (0.96-1.35) | 0.22 | <0.001* | |
| Physical Activity | ||||||||
| <Median | Cases/p-yrs§ | 498/83,779 | 415/71,434 | 352/64,588 | 335/61,911 | 365/62,501 | ||
| HR (95% CI) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.01 (0.88-1.15) | 0.95 (0.82-1.09) | 0.94 (0.82-1.09) | 0.97 (0.84-1.12) | 0.83 | ||
| ≥Median | Cases/p-yrs§ | 285/56,954 | 335/70,110 | 366/77,108 | 413/79,720 | 374/79,085 | ||
| HR (95% CI) | 1.0 | 0.96 (0.82-1.13) | 0.99 (0.84-1.16) | 1.09 (0.93-1.28) | 0.95 (0.81-1.12) | 0.88 | 0.81 | |
| Diabetes | ||||||||
| No | Cases/p-yrs§ | 752/136,203 | 716/136,102 | 686/135,559 | 711/135,927 | 713/136,589 | ||
| HR (95% CI) | 1.0 (ref) | 0.99 (0.89-1.10) | 0.98 (0.88-1.09) | 1.02 (0.91-1.13) | 0.97 (0.87-1.09) | 0.95 | ||
| Yes | Cases/p-yrs§ | 31/4,531 | 34/5,441 | 32/6,137 | 37/5704 | 26/4,997 | ||
| HR (95% CI) | 1.0 | 1.06 (0.63-1.79) | 0.94 (0.55-1.60) | 1.18 (0.69-2.03) | 0.87 (0.49-1.55) | 0.49 | 0.50 | |
| Dentist | ||||||||
| No | Cases/p-yrs§ | 350/63,131 | 326/61,714 | 317/59,231 | 280/58,856 | 295/60,642 | ||
| HR (95% CI) | 1.0 (ref) | 0.96 (0.83-1.13) | 1.00 (0.85-1.17) | 0.92 (0.78-1.09) | 0.86 (0.73-1.02) | 0.06 | ||
| Yes | Cases/p-yrs§ | 433/77,604 | 424/79,829 | 401/82,465 | 468/82,775 | 444/80,944 | ||
| HR (95% CI) | 1.0 | 1.05(0.91-1.20) | 0.99 (0.86-1.14) | 1.15 (1.00-1.32) | 1.08 (0.93-1.24) | 0.22 | 0.09 |
Models adjusted for age, energy intake (quintiles), smoking (CSI), physical activity (METs quintiles), alcohol (g/day: 0, 0.1–4.9, 5–14.9, 15–29, 30+), occupation (dentist vs non-dentist), race (White/Black/Asian/Other), BMI (<18.5, 18.5-24.9, 25–29.9, 30+), and for incidence of diabetes during follow up, except for the stratification variable.
Statistically significant.
p-value for trend: each quintile was assigned the median value and treated as a continuous variable.
p-value for the interaction term between an indicator variable for the stratifying term and the continuous variable for dietary pattern (using median value of each quintile).
The total number of cases over the total person-years on each quintile.