Table 1.
Comparison of healthy controls and patients
| Variables | Healthy controls (n = 63) | All patients (n = 182) | p value* |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age at enrollment (years) | 31.6 ± 11.7 | 30.1 ± 10.5 | 0.474 |
| Male sex | 39/63 (61.9%) | 103/182 (56.6%) | 0.462 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.2 ± 3.3 | 23.9 ± 4.8 | 0.579 |
| NYHA class | 1.0 ± 0 | 1.5 ± 0.7 | < 0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 120.8 ± 10.9 | 123.3 ± 13.9 | 0.304 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 70.2 ± 7.7 | 70.8 ± 9.4 | 0.829 |
| Transcutaneous oxygen saturation at rest (%) | 98.2 ± 1.2 | 95.0 ± 5.9 | < 0.001 |
| Ejection fraction of SV (%) | 62.4 ± 4.4 | 54.9 ± 9.1 | < 0.001 |
| Enddiastolic volume of SV (ml) | 107.9 ± 26.9 | 131.9 ± 62.2 | 0.006 |
| Endsystolic volume of SV (ml) | 40.5 ± 12.6 | 61.9 ± 37.7 | < 0.001 |
| VTI above aortic valve (cm) | 27.4 ± 4.3 | 24.4 ± 4.5 | < 0.001 |
| sACE2 concentrations (pg/ml) | 365.2 (237.7–656.3) | 761.9 (419.2–1277.7) | < 0.001 |
Mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile interval) are used
NYHA New York Heart Association, SV systemic ventricle, VTI velocity time integral, sACE2 soluble angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
*Mann–Whitney U test