Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of patients according to sACE2 quartiles
| Variables | Quartile 1 (< 419.2) (n = 45) |
Quartile 2 (419.2–761.9) (n = 46) |
Quartile 3 (761.9–1277.7) (n = 46) |
Quartile 4 (> 1277.7) (n = 45) |
p value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at enrollment (years) | 30.4 ± 9.8 | 29.5 ± 10.1 | 29.2 ± 10.2 | 31.4 ± 12.0 | 0.757 |
| Male sex | 25/45 (55.6%) | 25/46 (54.3%) | 28/46 (60.9%) | 25/45 (55.6%) | 0.925 |
| NYHA class | 1.4 ± 0.5 | 1.4 ± 0.5 | 1.5 ± 0.7 | 1.8 ± 0.8 | 0.090 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 122.9 ± 12.0 | 125.1 ± 14.8 | 121.6 ± 13.9 | 123.6 ± 15.0 | 0.849 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 69.6 ± 7.6 | 72.4 ± 9.8 | 69.7 ± 9.3 | 71.6 ± 10.7 | 0.489 |
| Transcutaneous oxygen saturation at rest (%) | 96.8 ± 2.8 | 96.3 ± 6.2 | 94.8 ± 5.8 | 92.2 ± 8.2 | 0.012 |
| Presence of atrial fibrillation | 0/45 (0%) | 1/46 (2.2%) | 2/46 (4.3%) | 3/45 (6.7%) | 0.326 |
| Left ventricular morphology of SV | 25/45 (55.6%) | 31/46 (67.4%) | 39/46 (84.8%) | 33/45 (73.3%) | 0.160 |
| Ejection fraction of SV (%) | 55.2 ± 8.5 | 56.5 ± 8.1 | 55.2 ± 9.4 | 53.0 ± 10.3 | 0.326 |
| VTI above aortic valve (cm) | 24.4 ± 3.9 | 25.8 ± 4.8 | 24.0 ± 4.7 | 23.6 ± 4.2 | 0.200 |
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | 0.81 (0.75–0.95) | 0.85 (0.71–0.96) | 0.85 (0.75–0.95) | 0.94 (0.81–1.09) | 0.013 |
| Estimated GFR (ml/min) | 106.9 (96.5–117.6) | 109.5 (96.3–121.8) | 109.5 (91.3–120.2) | 99.6 (71.7–118.5) | 0.313 |
| NT-proBNP (ng/l) | 151.0 (64.5–236.3) | 206.4 (87.8–314.9) | 125.5 (67.0–237.2) | 255.3 (89.6–627.7) | 0.022 |
| High sensitive troponin T (pg/ml) | 5.0 (3.0–6.0) | 4.0 (3.0–8.0) | 5.0 (3.0–7.0) | 5.0 (3.0–13.5) | 0.496 |
| Medication | |||||
| ACEI or ARB | 14/45 (31.1%) | 8/46 (17.4%) | 9/46 (19.6%) | 5/45 (11.1%) | 0.116 |
| β-blockers | 13/45 (28.9%) | 10/46 (21.7%) | 15/46 (32.6%) | 17/45 (37.8%) | 0.402 |
| MRA | 3/45 (6.7%) | 7/46 (15.2%) | 9/46 (19.6%) | 11/45 (24.4%) | 0.135 |
| Loop diuretics or thiazides | 10/45 (22.2%) | 9/46 (19.6%) | 11/46 (23.9%) | 18/45 (40.0%) | 0.116 |
| Antiarrhythmics | 2/45 (4.4%) | 0/46 (0%) | 3/46 (6.5%) | 7/45 (15.6%) | 0.072 |
Mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile interval) are used
sACE2 soluble angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, NYHA New York Heart Association, SV systemic ventricle, VTI velocity time integral, GFR glomerular filtration rate, ACEI angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, ARB angiotensin receptor blockers, MRA mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists
*Kruskal–Wallis test