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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2020 Sep 25;15(4):643–657. doi: 10.1007/s11481-020-09959-y

Fig 3.

Fig 3

Expected interplay between medications of opioid use disorder (MOUD), μ-Opioid Receptor (MOR) and sustained dysbiosis/microbial translocation. The use of Opioids, MOUD-Agonists (methadone, buprenorphine) and MOUD-Antagonists (naltrexone) are the leading mechanisms shown. Blue lines illustrate how MOUD-Antagonists may block MOR activation resulting in a reduction in dysbiosis, a decrease of microbial translocation-inducted activation, and increased immune recovery on antiretroviral therapy (ART).