Table 3. Association between participant characteristics and good HbA1c levels.
The asterisk (*) represents statistically significant association (p-value of <0.05 between the SDM among the variables)
HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin; BMI: body mass index; TC: total cholesterol; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; TG: triglycerides; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; SR: Saudi Riyal; HTN: hypertension
| HbA1c | |||
| Unadjusted mode | |||
| Patient characteristics | Classifications | B (95% CI) | P-value |
| Gender | Male | Reference | 0.04* |
| Female | 0.153 (1.1-1.4) | ||
| Age | <40 years | Reference | - |
| 40-49 years | -.043 (.725-1.265) | .760 | |
| 50-59 years | -.080 (.712-1.197) | .545 | |
| ≥60 years | -.115 (.689-1.152) | .380 | |
| Occupation | Employed | Reference | - |
| Not employed | .069 (.925-1.242) | .356 | |
| Student | .096 (.655-1.851) | .717 | |
| Duration of T2DM | <5 years | Reference | - |
| ≥5 years | .187 (.995-1.460) | .057* | |
| Nationality | Saudi | Reference | - |
| Non-Saudi | -.078 (.755-1.134) | .456 | |
| Marital status | Married | Reference | - |
| Single | .080 (.822-1.426) | .571 | |
| Divorced | .217 (.925-1.668) | .150 | |
| Widowed | .025 (.759-1.384) | .871 | |
| Socioeconomic status (income) | Less than 5,000 SR/month | Reference | - |
| 5,000-10,000 SR/month | .035 (.877-1.224) | .679 | |
| More than 10,000 SR/month | -.147 (.719-1.037) | .117 | |
| Educational levels | No degree | Reference | - |
| High school | -.005 (.814-1.216) | .959 | |
| Diploma | -.148 (.641-1.161) | .329 | |
| Bachelor's degree | -.300 (.574-.957) | .021* | |
| Postgraduate | -.582 (.357-.875) | .011* | |
| Comorbidity | HTN | Reference | - |
| Dyslipidemia | -.037 (.786-1.183) | .725 | |
| HTN and dyslipidemia | .056 (.871-1.283) | .572 | |
| Nothing | .020 (.819-1.222) | .998 | |
| Other | -.416 (.159-2.729) | .566 | |
| BMI | Normal | Reference | - |
| Overweight | -.121 (.708-1.108) | .288 | |
| Obese | -.041 (.777-1.186) | .704 | |
| TC | Controlled (<200 mg/dl) | Reference | - |
| Uncontrolled (≥200 mg/dl) | .202 (1.039-1.440) | .015* | |
| HDL | Controlled (≥40 mg/dl) | Reference | - |
| Uncontrolled (<40 mg/dl) | -.241 (.240-2.577) | .691 | |
| TG | Normal (<150 mg/dL) | Reference | - |
| Borderline (150-199 mg/dL) | .007 (.857-1.183) | .930 | |
| High (200-499 mg/dL) | -.152 (.699-1.055) | .148 | |
| LDL | Controlled (<100 mg/dl) | Reference | - |
| Uncontrolled (≥100 mg/dl) | .176 (1.024-1.388) | .024* | |