Table 2.

Etiologies of acute urinary retention (AUR) based on location.

Intrinsic	Kidney stones, malignancies (vesical, prostate), clots, BPH, abscess, stenosis, ureter diverticulum, ureter valves, phimosis, paraphimosis, neurogenic bladder, urinary catheter obstruction, drugs (anticholinergics, anesthetics, antihistamines, analgesics, benzodiazepines, calcium blockers, antidepressants, antipsychotics, antiarrhythmic agents, sympathomimetics, sympatholytics, and muscle relaxers)
Extrinsic	Abdominal or pelvic malignancies, abscesses, atrophic vaginitis, vulvovaginitis, pelvic organ prolapse, aortic aneurism, pelvic fracture, postpartum, fecalith.