Table 1.
Overall characteristics of the study cohort stratified by type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
| Characteristics | No T2DM (n = 3,621) | Incident T2DM (n = 354) | P-valueb | Q |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at enrollment (mean ± SD) | 38.8 ± 10.9 | 44.3 ± 9.4 | <0.0001 | <0.001 |
| Age group at incident T2DM or last clinical visit | <0.0001 | <0.001 | ||
| 18–44 years | 1738 (48.0) | 111 (31.4) | Ref. | |
| 45–64 years | 1712 (47.3) | 223 (63.0) | <0.0001 | <0.001 |
| ≥65 years | 171 (4.7) | 20 (5.6) | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Sex | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
| Men | 2821 (21.5) | 245 (69.2) | Ref. | |
| Women | 779 (77.9) | 108 (30.5) | 0.0001 | <0.001 |
| Transgenders | 21 (0.6) | 1 (0.3) | >0.50 | >0.50 |
| Race/ethnicity | 0.49 | >0.50 | ||
| African American (AA) | 2124 (58.7) | 202 (57.1) | Ref. | |
| European American (EA) | 1419 (39.2) | 147 (41.5) | 0.45 | 0.50 |
| Others | 78 (2.2) | 5 (1.4) | 0.40 | 0.46 |
| BMI group at incident DM or last clinical visit (Missing 364 subjects) | <0.0001 | <0.001 | ||
| <25 (kg/m2) | 1348 (40.6) | 58 (19.9) | Ref. | |
| 25–29 (kg/m2) | 1091 (32.9) | 79 (27.0) | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| ≥30 (kg/m2) | 880 (26.5) | 155 (53.1) | <0.0001 | <0.001 |
| Median nadir CD4 count over the last 24 months | 0.021 | 0.027 | ||
| <200 cells/µl | 850 (23.5) | 81 (22.9) | 0.36 | 0.43 |
| 200-500 cells/µl | 1231 (34.0) | 145 (41.0) | 0.006 | 0.008 |
| >500 cells/µl | 1540 (42.5) | 128 (36.1) | ref | |
| Highest VL over the last 24 months | <0.0001 | <0.001 | ||
| <200 | 2108 (58.2) | 168 (47.5) | Ref. | |
| 200-23,596 (Q3) | 614 (17.0) | 92 (26.0) | <0.0001 | <0.001 |
| >23,596 | 899 (24.8) | 94 (26.5) | 0.044 | 0.055 |
| Protease inhibitor (PI) use | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
| No PI in the last 2 years | 2267 (62.6) | 184 (52.0) | Ref. | |
| PI use for 0–2 years | 435 (12.0) | 54 (15.2) | 0.010 | 0.014 |
| PI use for ≥2 years | 919 (25.4) | 116 (32.8) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Statin use | <0.001 | |||
| Never | 2753 (76.0) | 111 (31.4) | Ref. | |
| Atorvastatin | 379 (10.5) | 104 (29.4) | <0.0001 | <0.001 |
| Pravastatin | 312 (8.6) | 82 (23.2) | <0.0001 | <0.001 |
| Pitavastatin | 2 (0.1) | 0 (0.00) | 0.69 | 0.69 |
| Others | 175 (4.8) | 57 (16.0) | <0.0001 | <0.001 |
| Duration of statin use | <0.0001 | <0.001 | ||
| No use | 2753 (76.0) | 111 (31.3) | Ref. | |
| Use for <6 months | 115 (3.2) | 30 (8.5) | <0.0001 | <0.001 |
| Use ≥6 months | 753 (20.8) | 213 (60.2) | <0.0001 | <0.001 |
aFor comparisons involve multiple categories within a specific variable, the group with the largest sample size is set as the norm/reference.