Table 2.

Characteristics of NIRF hybrid intravascular molecular imaging.

		Probe	Fiber	Depth of	Axial	Frame
		diameter	characteristics	penetration	resolution	rate	Limitation
NIRF-OCT	Hara et al. (57)	2.4 Fr	• OCT: 1320 nm • NIRF: 750 nm	NIRF: 3 mm	OCT: 7 μm	25.4/s	Slower image acquisition speed
	Zaheer et al. (60)	2.6 Fr	• OCT: 1,290 nm • NIRF: 749–790 nm	OCT: 1–2 mm	OCT: 7 μm	100/s	–
NIRF-IVUS	Shi et al. (63)	4.2 Fr	• IVUS: 45 MHz • NIRF: 750 nm	• IVUS: 4 mm • NIRF: 2 mm	IVUS: N/A	30/s	Large probe size
	Abran et al. (64) (Coronary)	4.5 Fr	• IVUS: 40 MHz • NIRF: 750 nm	• IVUS: 4 mm • NIRF: 2 mm	IVUS: 150 μm	2.7/s	Large probe size
	Abran et al. (64) (Peripheral)	9.0 Fr	• IVUS: 15 MHz• NIRF: 750 nm	• IVUS: 4 mm • NIRF: 2 mm	IVUS: 270 μm	2.7/s	Large probe size
NIRF-IVUS-OCT	Maehara et al. (65)	3.9 Fr	• OCT: 1,310 nm • IVUS: 40 MHz • NIRF: 785 nm	• OCT: 3–5 mm • IVUS: 5–6 mm NIRF: 3–5 mm	–	20/s	Large probe size

IVUS, intravenous ultrasound; NIRF, near-infrared fluorescence; OCT, optical coherence tomography.