Table 2.
The relationship between the rate of attendance for clinic visits and the distance travelled – the results of a a Cox regression multiple failure model.
| Variable | Category | Events/Person years of observation | Event Rate | Hazard ratio* (95% confidence interval) (Bivariate analysis) | Hazard ratio*,† (95% confidence interval), (Multivariate adjusted analysis) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Distance travelled from home to clinic (km) |
12 428/16 585 |
0.75 |
1.00 (1.00-1.01) |
1.00 (0.99-1.00) |
|
|
Age at first clinic visit |
17-34 |
5589/6608 |
0.85 |
1 |
1 |
| 35-49 |
4601/6315 |
0.73 |
0.84 (0.80-0.89) |
0.84 (0.80-0.88) |
|
| 50-64 |
1779/2938 |
0.61 |
0.69 (0.65-0.74) |
0.70 (0.65-0.75) |
|
| >65 |
459/725 |
0.63 |
0.72 (0.63-0.83) |
0.74 (0.64-0.84) |
|
|
Sex |
Female |
9253/12 800 |
0.72 |
1 |
1 |
| Male |
3175/3785 |
0.84 |
1.16 (1.11-1.23) |
1.24 (1.18-1.30) |
|
|
Health Facility attended for baseline visit |
Arlington |
1543/2514 |
0.61 |
1 |
1 |
| Faith |
1955/2273 |
0.86 |
1.42 (1.30-1.55) |
1.41 (1.29-1.54) |
|
| Hillard |
772/1157 |
0.67 |
1.05 (0.92-1.20) |
1.06 (0.93-1.20) |
|
| Moghan |
827/1811 |
0.46 |
0.73 (0.65-0.82) |
0.76 (0.67-0.85) |
|
| Timber |
1568/1913 |
0.82 |
1.32 (1.20-1.45) |
1.34 (1.22-1.47) |
|
| Troy |
4304/5268 |
0.82 |
1.34 (1.25-1.45) |
1.36 (1.26-1.46) |
|
| Yang |
1459/1650 |
0.88 |
1.43 (1.31-1.57) |
1.46 (1.34-1.60) |
|
|
Socio Economic Position |
1 |
1963/2773 |
0.71 |
1 |
|
| 2 |
2276/3043 |
0.75 |
1.06 (0.98-1.14) |
||
| 3 |
2357/3091 |
0.76 |
1.08 (1.00-1.17) |
||
| 4 |
2212/2946 |
0.75 |
1.07 (0.99-1.16) |
||
| 5 |
1659/2322 |
0.71 |
1.02 (0.94-1.10) |
||
|
Ethnic origin |
Mozambican |
3621/4882 |
0.74 |
1 |
1 |
| South African |
8776/11 662 |
0.75 |
1.02 (0.97-1.07) |
1.06 (1.01-1.12) |
|
| Other |
31/41 |
0.76 |
1.02 (0.62-1.70) |
1.02 (0.68-1.54) |
|
|
Year of first clinic visit |
2014 |
7945/11 147 |
0.71 |
1 |
1 |
| 2015 |
2326/2816 |
0.83 |
1.27 (1.20-1.35) |
1.21 (1.14-1.28) |
|
| 2016 |
1639/2002 |
0.82 |
1.34 (1.26-1.43) |
1.28 (1.20-1.36) |
|
| 2017 |
518/620 |
0.84 |
1.48 (1.35-1.63) |
1.41 (1.28-1.54) |
|
| Time on ART at baseline (years) | 0 |
2565/3166 |
0.81 |
1 |
|
| >0–1 |
3466/4423 |
0.78 |
0.94 (0.88-1.00) |
||
| >1-2 |
1700/2333 |
0.73 |
0.84 (0.78-0.91) |
||
| >2-3 |
1936/2780 |
0.70 |
0.80 (0.74-0.86) |
||
| >3 | 2761/3884 | 0.71 | 0.83 (0.78-0.89) |
CI – confidence interval
*Failure is defined as a visit later than 15 days after the due date and the period of exposure was the time from the first visit or the previous late visit.
†Adjusted for all variables shown.