FIG. 4.

fMRI mapping of cortices suspected of being functionally connected to the PVNH. All fMRI scans were 20-second on/off block paradigms, here indicated by colored bars, delayed by 6 seconds and used to model BOLD signals. A: Hearing spoken sentences (cyan cortex) at p_uncorrected < 0.0001. B: Hearing and mimicking unimanual tool-use sounds (red cortex and red on/off cycles) and rating animal vocalization emotional content (blue on/off cycles) at p_uncorrected < 0.000001. C: Visual cortex mapping with a flashing checkerboard (green) at p_uncorrected < 0.000001. D: Watching cartoons (yellow) at p_uncorrected < 0.000001. The PVNH did not survive cluster size correction at this threshold setting, but a selection of six activated voxels (far right column, lower tracing) within the PVNH showed significant activation by two-tail paired t-test at p_uncorrected < 0.000009. Time series data show robustly activated brain regions from whole-brain analysis (leftmost column charts), from the independently derived rsfMRI ROIs (middle column, illustrating ROIs from Fig. 3C), and from the PVNH (rightmost column). All charts are illustrated at the same scale, except for the PVNH in panel D (black arrow), which has an expanded y-axis to facilitate visualization. IFG1, IFG2 = subdivisions of inferior frontal gyrus.