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. 2020 Dec 7;18:464. doi: 10.1186/s12967-020-02642-z

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 3 — Differences in respiratory microbiome in NHAI group and non-NHAI group. a Comparison of the different metrics of α-diversity between the NHAI group (group 1) and non-NHAI group (group 0). For the lines in a box and whisker plot: the extreme bars are the overall range, the bottom and top of the box are the 25th and 75th percentiles and the line inside the box is the 50th percentile (median). b Microbial community structure in the endotracheal aspirates according to risk factors for NHAI based on weighted UniFrac distances. A PERMANOVA, performed using the Adonis function in the R package vegan) was conducted to compare the microbial community structure between the NHAI and non-NHAI groups. The x- and y-axis represent the first and second principal coordinates with the proportion of variance. The ellipses represent the 95% confidence interval for each group assuming a multivariate normal distribution. The analysis was adjusted for age, sex, APACHE score and Charlson Comorbidity Index score. ***p < 0.001 ****p < 0.0001