Table 1.

Causes of hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia.

Transient nature
	Infant born to diabetic mother (gestational or permanent diabetes)
	Intrauterine growth retardation
	Rhesus disease
	Perinatal asphyxia
	Erythroblastosis fetalis
Childhood onset – persistent nature
Congenital causes	Genetic mutations in:
	ABCC8, KCNJ11, GDH, HADH, GCK, SLC16A1, GLUD1, UCP2, HNF4A, HNF1A, HK1, PGM1, PPM2
Syndromic causes	Beckwith–Wiedemann
	Mosaic Turner
	Timothy
	Soto
	Simpson–Golabi–Behmel
	Kabuki
	Patau – Trisomy 13
	Rubenstein Taybi
	Costello
	Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG types 1A, 1B and 1D)
	Congenital hypoventilation
	Poland
Childhood/adult onset – persistent nature
Tumours	IGF-2-oma
	Benign and malignant insulinoma
	Non-islet cell tumour hypoglycaemia
Drug-use related	Glinides
	Insulin
	Sulphonylureas
Factitious hypoglycaemia	Munchausen syndrome by proxy
Postprandial	Dumping syndrome
	Post gastric by-pass surgery for morbid obesity Non-insulinoma pancreatogenous hypoglycaemia
Other causes	Auto-antibodies against insulin
	Insulin resistance syndrome